Incident: Android Ransomware Encrypts Data, Demands Payment for Decryption.

Published Date: 2014-06-05

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident of the Simplocker ransomware encrypting data on Android phones and demanding payment to decrypt it happened in May 2014 [27394].
System 1. Android smartphones running vulnerable versions of the operating system were affected by the Simplocker ransomware [27394]. 2. SD memory cards containing certain files, including images, PDFs, documents, and audio files, were targeted by the ransomware [27394]. 3. The MoneXy transfer service was used by the attackers to receive payments for decrypting the victims' files [27394]. 4. The Tor network was utilized by the attackers to send phone information, such as the IMEI number, to a server for anonymity and difficulty in tracking [27394]. 5. The encryption used by Simplocker was identified as significantly weaker compared to Cryptolocker, a Windows ransomware [27394]. 6. Windows operating systems were mentioned as the primary target for ransomware attacks, with Cryptolocker infecting a significant number of computers in the UK [27394].
Responsible Organization 1. Criminals behind the Simplocker ransomware were responsible for causing the software failure incident on Android smartphones by encrypting users' data and demanding payment for decryption [27394].
Impacted Organization 1. Android smartphone owners were impacted by the software failure incident of the Simplocker ransomware [27394].
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was the discovery of a new strain of criminal software, specifically ransomware named Simplocker, encrypting data on Android smartphones and demanding payment to unlock it [27394].
Non-software Causes 1. The attackers behind the Simplocker ransomware demanded payment in the form of 260 Ukrainian hryvnias (£13) to decrypt victims' files, directing them to the MoneXy transfer service [27394]. 2. The malware sent phone information, such as the IMEI number, to a server controlled by the attackers, which was based on the Tor network, making it difficult for law enforcement to track and shut down the operation [27394]. 3. The ransomware posed as a legitimate app or service to deceive users into downloading it, indicating a social engineering aspect to the attack [27394].
Impacts 1. The impacted Android smartphone owners had their data encrypted by the Simplocker ransomware, leading to the loss of access to files such as images, PDFs, documents, and audio files [27394]. 2. Victims were demanded a payment of 260 Ukrainian hryvnias (£13) to decrypt their files, potentially causing financial loss [27394]. 3. The malware sent phone information, including the IMEI number, to a server controlled by the attackers, compromising the privacy and security of the affected individuals [27394]. 4. The software failure incident raised concerns and fears among Android users about the security of their devices and the potential for similar ransomware attacks in the future [27394].
Preventions 1. Implementing robust security measures and regularly updating the Android operating system to patch vulnerabilities could have prevented the Simplocker ransomware incident [27394]. 2. Educating users about the risks of downloading apps from unverified sources and practicing caution while clicking on suspicious links or attachments could have helped prevent the malware from infecting Android smartphones [27394]. 3. Utilizing reputable antivirus software on Android devices could have potentially detected and blocked the ransomware before it encrypted the data [27394].
Fixes 1. Enhancing cybersecurity measures on Android devices to prevent ransomware attacks like Simplocker [27394]. 2. Implementing regular security updates and patches to address vulnerabilities that ransomware exploits [27394]. 3. Educating users about the risks of paying ransom to cybercriminals and promoting the importance of not incentivizing such malicious activities [27394].
References 1. Security company ESET 2. ESET's security intelligence team lead Robert Lipovsky 3. The Guardian [27394]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization: - The article mentions that in May, security experts warned about a strain of Android ransomware called Koler, which posed as a porn app and demanded payment from users [27394]. - Additionally, it is highlighted that Windows remains the number one target for ransomware, with the Cryptolocker malware infecting as many as 50,000 computers in the UK alone [27394]. (b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization: - The article does not provide specific information about the software failure incident happening again at multiple organizations.
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase can be seen in the discovery of the Simplocker ransomware targeting Android smartphones. The malware encrypts data on Android phones and demands payment to decrypt it. This incident highlights a failure in the design of the Android system's security measures, allowing malicious software to encrypt user data [27394]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is evident in the way the Simplocker ransomware operates. It scans victims' SD memory cards for specific files, encrypts them using the AES encryption standard, and demands payment for decryption. This failure is attributed to the operation of the malware itself, which tricks users into paying to unlock their files [27394].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system, outside_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident of the Simplocker ransomware encrypting data on Android phones and demanding payment to decrypt it is a result of factors originating from within the system. The malware itself scans victims' SD memory cards, locks files using encryption, and demands payment for decryption [27394]. (b) outside_system: The software failure incident also involves contributing factors originating from outside the system. For example, the malware sends phone information to a server controlled by the attackers based on the Tor network, making it difficult for law enforcement to track and shut down the operation [27394].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident occurring due to non-human actions: - The article reports on a strain of criminal software, specifically ransomware called Simplocker, that encrypts data on Android smartphones and demands payment to unlock it [27394]. - Simplocker encrypts data on Android phones without human participation, scanning victims' SD memory cards for specific files and locking them using the AES encryption standard. - The malware also sends phone information to a server controlled by the attackers, based on the Tor network, making it difficult to track users. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to human actions: - The article mentions that various forms of Android ransomware have been uncovered, indicating that human actions, such as downloading malicious apps or interacting with deceptive content, can contribute to the spread of ransomware [27394]. - Additionally, the article highlights the case of Koler ransomware, which posed as a porn app and sent messages claiming to be from the police, indicating how human actions, such as downloading and interacting with deceptive apps, can lead to ransomware infections.
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware: - The article mentions a strain of criminal software, Simplocker ransomware, encrypting data on Android smartphones and demanding payment to unlock it [27394]. - The malware sends phone information, such as the IMEI number, to a server controlled by the attackers, which is based on the Tor network [27394]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to software: - The Simplocker ransomware encrypts data on Android phones before demanding payment to decrypt it [27394]. - The article discusses various forms of Android ransomware, including Koler, which posed as a porn app and demanded payment [27394]. - Windows remains the number one target for ransomware, with the Cryptolocker malware infecting many computers [27394].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) malicious, non-malicious (a) The objective of the software failure incident was malicious, as it involved the discovery of a strain of criminal software known as Simplocker ransomware that encrypted data on Android smartphones and demanded payment to unlock it. The ransomware scanned victims' SD memory cards for specific files and used AES encryption to lock them, asking for a payment of 260 Ukrainian hryvnias to decrypt the files. Additionally, the malware sent phone information to a server controlled by the attackers on the Tor network, making it difficult for law enforcement to track them [27394]. (b) Non-malicious software failures were also mentioned in the articles, such as the warning about a strain of Android ransomware called Koler, which posed as a porn app and demanded payment from users by pretending to be from the police. Furthermore, the article highlighted that Windows remains the number one target for ransomware, with the Cryptolocker malware infecting thousands of computers in the UK [27394].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions, accidental_decisions (a) The intent of the software failure incident: - The incident involving the Simplocker ransomware on Android smartphones can be categorized under poor_decisions. The malware encrypts victims' data and demands payment to unlock it, showcasing a deliberate malicious intent by the attackers to extort money from users [27394]. (b) The intent of the software failure incident: - The incident involving the Koler ransomware posing as a porn app on Android smartphones can be categorized under accidental_decisions. The malware tricks users by pretending to be from the police and falsely accusing them of illegal activities, leading to demands for payment as a fine [27394].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is not explicitly mentioned in the provided article [27394]. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is evident in the article. The incident involves a strain of criminal software, known as Simplocker ransomware, encrypting data on Android smartphones and demanding payment to unlock it. This incident is accidental in nature as it is caused by the deliberate actions of cybercriminals who developed and deployed the ransomware to extort money from victims [27394].
Duration temporary The software failure incident described in the articles is temporary. The incident involves the discovery of a new strain of criminal software, Simplocker ransomware, encrypting data on Android smartphones and demanding payment to decrypt it [27394]. The article mentions that the malware is not currently widespread, primarily active in the Ukrainian region, and not found on Android's official Google Play Store. Additionally, the level of encryption used by Simplocker is noted to be weaker than that of Cryptolocker, a Windows ransomware that global law enforcement authorities have been trying to shut down [27394].
Behaviour value, other (a) crash: The article does not mention any instance of a system crash where the software fails due to losing state and not performing any of its intended functions. (b) omission: The article does not mention any instance of a system failure due to omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). (c) timing: The article does not mention any instance of a system failure due to performing its intended functions correctly, but too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident described in the article falls under the category of a value failure. The Simplocker ransomware encrypts the data of Android smartphone owners and demands payment to unlock it, indicating that the software is performing its intended function incorrectly by locking users' files and requesting payment for decryption [27394]. (e) byzantine: The article does not mention any instance of a system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in the article can be categorized as a ransomware attack. The malware encrypts users' data and demands payment for decryption, which is a form of extortion and unauthorized access to personal information [27394].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure The software failure incident described in the article involves the Simplocker ransomware that encrypts data on Android smartphones, demanding payment to unlock it. Victims' files, including images, PDFs, documents, and audio files, are locked using the AES encryption standard, and a payment of 260 Ukrainian hryvnias (£13) is requested for decryption [Article 27394]. This incident directly impacts individuals' data and potentially their personal or work-related information stored on their smartphones.
Domain information (a) The failed system in the article is related to the information industry as it involves the encryption of data on Android smartphones and demands payment to unlock it [27394]. (b) No information related to the transportation industry was provided in the articles. (c) No information related to the natural resources industry was provided in the articles. (d) No information related to the sales industry was provided in the articles. (e) No information related to the construction industry was provided in the articles. (f) No information related to the manufacturing industry was provided in the articles. (g) No information related to the utilities industry was provided in the articles. (h) The failed system in the article is not directly related to the finance industry but involves demanding payment to decrypt files on Android smartphones [27394]. (i) No information related to the knowledge industry was provided in the articles. (j) No information related to the health industry was provided in the articles. (k) No information related to the entertainment industry was provided in the articles. (l) No information related to the government industry was provided in the articles. (m) The failed system in the article is related to the cybersecurity industry, specifically dealing with ransomware targeting Android smartphone users [27394].

Sources

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