Incident: Airbag Control Unit Software Issue Leads to Toyota Vehicle Recall

Published Date: 2018-10-05

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving the airbag control unit in Toyota vehicles, leading to a recall, happened in 2018 [77308].
System 1. Airbag control unit software in Toyota vehicles, including the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia [77308].
Responsible Organization 1. The software failure incident in the Toyota recall was caused by wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying as intended [77308].
Impacted Organization 1. Owners of Toyota vehicles, including the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia, in the US were impacted by the software failure incident related to the airbag control unit [77308].
Software Causes 1. Wonky programming in the airbag's control unit could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying in a crash [77308].
Non-software Causes 1. The failure incident was caused by wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, leading to the disabling of multiple sensors used to detect crashes, resulting in certain airbags not deploying in a crash [77308].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in the airbag control unit could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, potentially leading to certain airbags like the side curtain or knee airbags not deploying in a crash, increasing the chance of injury in a collision [77308].
Preventions 1. Regular and thorough testing of the airbag control unit's software to identify any potential programming issues before mass production and deployment [77308]. 2. Implementing robust quality assurance processes during the software development phase to catch any anomalies or faults in the airbag control unit's programming [77308]. 3. Conducting comprehensive risk assessments specifically focused on the software components of critical safety systems like airbags to proactively address any vulnerabilities [77308].
Fixes 1. Applying a software patch that alters the airbag control unit's programming [77308].
References 1. Press release from Toyota [77308]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization, multiple_organization (a) In the provided article [77308], it is mentioned that Toyota issued a recall for 168,000 vehicles in the US, including the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia due to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit. This issue led to disabling multiple sensors used to detect crashes, potentially causing certain airbags not to deploy in a crash. To address this, dealership technicians will apply a software patch to alter the airbag control unit's programming, aiming to prevent the issue from happening again within the same organization, Toyota. (b) The article [77308] also highlights that Toyota had issued recalls for nearly 1 million US vehicles in a single day, including a separate hybrid recall. This indicates that software failure incidents related to recalls have occurred at multiple organizations within the automotive industry.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to the design phase. The issue with the airbags in Toyota vehicles was caused by wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes. This design flaw could lead to certain airbags not deploying in a crash, increasing the chance of injury and non-conformance with airbag-related regulations [77308]. (b) There is no information in the article indicating that the software failure incident was related to the operation phase.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) The software failure incident related to the airbag control unit in Toyota vehicles was within the system. The article mentions that the recall was issued due to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying properly in a collision [77308]. The remedy for this issue involved applying a software patch to alter the airbag control unit's programming, indicating that the failure originated from within the system itself.
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to non-human actions. The issue was caused by wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying in a crash. This was a result of a software glitch introduced without human participation [77308]. (b) The software failure incident in the article is not related to human actions. The issue was not caused by any human error or deliberate action but rather by a programming flaw in the airbag control unit [77308].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware, software (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to hardware. The recall issued by Toyota for 168,000 vehicles in the US, including the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia, is due to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit. This faulty programming could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying properly in a collision [77308]. (b) The software failure incident is also related to software. The remedy for this issue involves dealership technicians applying a software patch that alters the airbag control unit's programming to prevent the problem from occurring again. This software patch is aimed at fixing the software-related issue that caused the airbag malfunction [77308].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident related to the Toyota recall for the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia was non-malicious. The failure was attributed to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying properly in a collision [77308]. The remedy for this issue involved applying a software patch to alter the airbag control unit's programming to prevent the problem from recurring, indicating that the failure was not caused by malicious intent but rather by unintentional software issues.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) accidental_decisions (a) The software failure incident related to the Toyota recall for the airbags in the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia was not due to poor decisions but rather due to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit. The issue was related to the software programming causing the disabling of multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags potentially not deploying in a crash [77308].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the article as it mentions "Wonky programming in the airbag's control unit could end up disabling multiple sensors that are used to detect crashes" [77308]. This indicates that the issue with the airbag control unit was a result of programming errors or incompetence during the development process. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is also present in the article as it states that the issue with the airbag control unit was not intentional but rather a result of unintended consequences of the programming, leading to the disabling of sensors used to detect crashes [77308].
Duration temporary The software failure incident related to the airbag control unit in Toyota vehicles, as reported in Article #77308, can be classified as a temporary failure. The issue was caused by wonky programming in the airbag control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying in a crash. The remedy for this issue involved applying a software patch to alter the airbag control unit's programming, which should prevent the problem from occurring again. This indicates that the failure was temporary and could be resolved through a software update, rather than being a permanent issue introduced by all circumstances.
Behaviour omission, other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article is not related to a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions. The issue with the airbag control unit's wonky programming could disable certain airbag sensors, leading to the potential non-deployment of specific airbags in a crash [77308]. (b) omission: The software failure incident is related to omission, where the system omits to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). In this case, the faulty programming in the airbag control unit could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, potentially resulting in the non-deployment of certain airbags in a collision [77308]. (c) timing: The software failure incident is not related to timing, where the system performs its intended functions correctly but too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident is not related to value, where the system performs its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident is not related to a byzantine behavior, where the system behaves erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The software failure incident involves a specific behavior of omission, where the system fails to perform its intended functions due to the faulty programming in the airbag control unit [77308].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception sensor (a) The software failure incident related to the perception layer of the cyber physical system that failed was due to contributing factors introduced by sensor error. The article mentions that the recall focuses on the airbags, specifically mentioning that "Wonky programming in the airbag's control unit could end up disabling multiple sensors that are used to detect crashes" [77308].
Communication unknown The software failure incident related to the Toyota recall for the airbags in the 2019 Avalon and other vehicles was not specifically related to the communication layer of the cyber physical system. The issue was attributed to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit, which could disable multiple sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying correctly in a collision. The remedy for this issue involved applying a software patch to alter the airbag control unit's programming, indicating that the failure was more related to the control software rather than the communication layer of the cyber physical system [77308].
Application FALSE The software failure incident related to the Toyota recall for the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia was not specifically mentioned to be related to the application layer of the cyber physical system. The article focused on a recall due to wonky programming in the airbag's control unit that could disable sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags not deploying correctly. Therefore, it is unknown if the failure was related to the application layer based on the information provided in the article [77308].

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence harm, theoretical_consequence The consequence of the software failure incident related to the Toyota recall for the airbag control unit issue was the potential harm to individuals in the event of a crash. The faulty programming in the airbag control unit could disable sensors used to detect crashes, leading to certain airbags like the side curtain or knee airbags not deploying in a collision. This greatly increases the chance of injury in a crash and means the cars might not conform to various airbag-related regulations [77308].
Domain transportation (a) The software failure incident reported in Article 77308 is related to the transportation industry. Toyota issued a recall for vehicles, including the 2019 Avalon, 2018-2019 Tundra, and Sequoia, due to a software issue in the airbag control unit that could disable sensors used to detect crashes, potentially leading to certain airbags not deploying in a crash [77308].

Sources

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