Incident: Defect in Power Steering System Halts Subaru Production in Japan

Published Date: 2019-01-23

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident with the defect in the power-steering systems of Subaru's Japanese-built vehicles happened in January 2019 as per the article published on January 23, 2019 [79946].
System Unknown
Responsible Organization unknown
Impacted Organization 1. Subaru - The software failure incident impacted Subaru as they discovered a defect in the power-steering systems of some of their Japanese-built vehicles, leading to the shutdown of their plants for investigation [79946].
Software Causes 1. Unknown
Non-software Causes 1. Quality control issue in the power-steering systems of some Japanese-built Subaru vehicles [79946]
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in Subaru's power-steering systems led to the idling of two plants in Japan's Gunma prefecture, affecting a majority of Subaru's global manufacturing, including models destined for the US [79946]. 2. Approximately 10,000 examples of the Crosstrek and Forester models might be affected by the defect, potentially leading to production delays and impacting Subaru's bottom line in the short term [79946]. 3. The defect could disable a vehicle's power steering, making turning the wheel more difficult, especially at idle, which poses a safety risk for drivers [79946]. 4. The incident did not lead to a recall in the US as no affected units had reached dealers or consumers, but vehicles en route to retailers were to receive a permanent fix before being sold [79946].
Preventions 1. Implementing rigorous software testing procedures during the development phase to detect any potential defects in the power-steering system software [79946]. 2. Conducting thorough quality control checks throughout the manufacturing process to identify and rectify any software-related issues before the vehicles are released to the market [79946]. 3. Regularly monitoring and analyzing data from vehicles in operation to proactively identify any emerging software failures or anomalies that could lead to safety issues [79946].
Fixes 1. Conduct a thorough investigation to identify the root cause of the defect in the power-steering systems of the Japanese-built vehicles [79946].
References 1. Subaru press release [79946]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown (a) The article does not mention any specific software failure incident happening again at Subaru or with its products and services. Therefore, there is no evidence of a similar incident occurring within the same organization as reported in the provided article [79946]. (b) The article briefly mentions a previous scandal in 2017 where Subaru admitted to decades of "flawed" vehicle inspections. This scandal involved the use of unauthorized employees in quality-control jobs, leading to recalls for additional inspections. However, this incident is related to vehicle inspections and not specifically a software failure. Therefore, there is no direct evidence of a similar software failure incident happening again at other organizations as reported in the provided article [79946].
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the Subaru case seems to be related to the design phase. The article mentions a defect in the power-steering systems of some Japanese-built vehicles, which was discovered when Subaru idled two plants in Japan to investigate the root cause. The issue may disable a vehicle's power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, indicating a design flaw in the system [79946]. (b) There is no specific information in the article indicating that the software failure incident was due to factors introduced by the operation or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to the defect in the power-steering systems of Subaru's Japanese-built vehicles is a within-system failure. The article mentions that Subaru discovered a defect within its own manufacturing process, leading to the shutdown of its plants in Japan for investigation [79946]. The issue was specific to the vehicles produced by Subaru in its Japanese plants, indicating an internal system failure within Subaru's manufacturing process.
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in this case is not related to non-human actions but rather to a defect in the power-steering systems of some of Subaru's Japanese-built vehicles. The article mentions that Subaru discovered a defect that may disable a vehicle's power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, leading to the shutdown of two plants in Japan for investigation [79946]. This indicates a technical or design flaw in the software controlling the power-steering systems. (b) The failure is not attributed to human actions in this case. The article does not mention any human error or intentional actions leading to the software failure incident. Instead, it focuses on the defect in the power-steering systems and the subsequent investigation by Subaru to determine the root cause of the issue [79946].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident in the Subaru vehicles was not directly related to hardware issues. The defect discovered in the power-steering systems of the Japanese-built vehicles was not attributed to hardware problems but rather to a software issue. The article mentions that the defect may disable a vehicle's power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, indicating a software-related issue [79946].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious The software failure incident reported in the article [79946] is non-malicious. The incident involves a defect in the power-steering systems of some Japanese-built Subaru vehicles, leading to the disabling of power steering and illumination of a warning lamp. Subaru has shut down its plants to investigate the root cause of the defect, affecting models like the Crosstrek and Forester. The company aims to fix the issue before any affected units reach dealers or consumers, indicating that the failure was not caused by malicious intent but rather by a non-malicious defect in the software system.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to poor decisions or accidental decisions.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident in the Subaru article does not seem to be related to development incompetence. The issue with the power-steering systems in some Japanese-built vehicles was described as a defect that may disable the power steering and illuminate a warning lamp. Subaru mentioned that they are still working to determine the cause of the problem, indicating that it was not due to incompetence but rather a technical issue that needs investigation [79946]. (b) The software failure incident in the Subaru article appears to be accidental. Subaru discovered a defect in the power-steering systems of some vehicles, leading to the shutdown of plants for investigation. The spokesperson stressed that affected units had not reached dealers or consumers, and any vehicles en route to retailers would receive a permanent fix before sale. This indicates that the issue was not intentional but rather an accidental defect that needed to be addressed [79946].
Duration temporary The software failure incident reported in the article is temporary. Subaru discovered a defect in the power-steering systems of some of its Japanese-built vehicles, leading to the shutdown of two plants in Japan's Gunma prefecture for investigation. The plants were idled on Jan. 16, and Subaru aimed to have them up and running again by Jan. 28. The defect may disable a vehicle's power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, affecting models like the Crosstrek, Forester, and Impreza [79946]. This temporary software failure incident was due to specific circumstances related to the defect in the power-steering systems of the vehicles.
Behaviour value (a) crash: The article mentions a defect in the power-steering systems of some Subaru vehicles that may disable the power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, potentially leading to a loss of power steering functionality [79946]. (b) omission: The article does not specifically mention any instances of the system omitting to perform its intended functions. (c) timing: The article does not indicate any issues related to the system performing its intended functions too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident described in the article is related to the power-steering system defect, which could lead to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly by disabling the power steering [79946]. (e) byzantine: The article does not describe any inconsistent responses or interactions by the system. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in this case is primarily related to a functional failure in the power-steering system, leading to potential safety concerns for the affected vehicles.

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property The consequence of the software failure incident reported in the article is related to the potential impact on property. The defect in the power-steering systems of some Subaru vehicles may disable a vehicle's power steering and illuminate a warning lamp, which could lead to difficulties in turning the wheel, especially at idle. This issue affects approximately 10,000 examples of the Crosstrek and Forester, with the final number potentially being smaller. However, it is mentioned that no affected units have reached dealers or consumers, and any vehicles en route to retailers will receive a permanent fix before being sold, indicating a proactive approach to addressing the issue and mitigating the impact on consumers' property [79946].
Domain manufacturing (a) The failed system in the reported incident is related to the manufacturing industry. Subaru had to shut down its manufacturing plants in Japan due to a defect in the power-steering systems of some of its vehicles [79946]. This incident directly impacted Subaru's global manufacturing operations, including models destined for the US market. (f) The software failure incident is specifically linked to the manufacturing industry, as Subaru's manufacturing plants in Japan were affected by the defect in the power-steering systems of certain vehicles [79946]. The plants had to be idled temporarily as Subaru investigated the root cause of the issue. (m) The software failure incident does not fall under any other industry category mentioned in the options provided.

Sources

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