Incident: Improper Engine Management Software Leads to Hyundai Veloster Recall

Published Date: 2019-04-02

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident with the engine management software in the 2013 Hyundai Veloster vehicles occurred between April 26, 2012, and Oct. 16, 2013 [83335]. 2. The incident likely happened during the period mentioned above.
System The system that failed in the software failure incident described in Article 83335 is: 1. Engine management software in the 2013 Hyundai Veloster vehicles [83335].
Responsible Organization 1. The software failure incident in the Hyundai Veloster vehicles was caused by the engine management software developed by Hyundai [83335].
Impacted Organization 1. Owners of the 2013 Hyundai Veloster vehicles [83335]
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was the engine management software in the affected vehicles, which could cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures and potential engine damage [83335].
Non-software Causes 1. Poorly calibrated software causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures and potential engine damage [83335].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in the Hyundai Veloster vehicles led to potential engine damage, vehicle stalls, and a risk of fire due to the air-fuel mixture igniting at the wrong time [83335]. 2. Drivers might experience a knocking noise and see a warning light illuminate in the gauge cluster as indicators of the software failure [83335]. 3. The software flaw resulted in a recall of 16,487 2013 Veloster vehicles to address the issue with a software update to minimize spark advance [83335].
Preventions 1. Thorough software testing during the development phase could have potentially prevented the software failure incident in the Hyundai Veloster vehicles [83335]. 2. Implementing robust quality assurance processes to catch any anomalies in the software that could lead to engine issues [83335]. 3. Regular monitoring and analysis of vehicle performance data to detect any emerging trends or patterns indicating software-related problems before they escalate [83335].
Fixes 1. Hyundai technicians will apply a software update that minimizes spark advance to reduce the chance of preignition, addressing the software failure incident [83335].
References 1. NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation [83335]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown (a) The software failure incident related to the Hyundai Veloster vehicles with the engine management software issue has not been reported to have happened again within the same organization (Hyundai) or with its products and services. The article specifically mentions that Hyundai identified the flaw in the 2013 model year software and took corrective action to address the issue, with no reports of accidents or injuries related to the flaw [83335]. (b) The software failure incident related to the Hyundai Veloster vehicles with the engine management software issue has not been reported to have happened again at other organizations or with their products and services. The article does not mention any similar incidents occurring at other organizations or with their products and services.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to the design phase of system development. The problem stems from the engine management software in the affected vehicles, where the software might cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that can damage the engine [83335]. This issue was identified by Hyundai after investigating trends in stalls and noncollision fires in certain Veloster vehicles, ultimately tracing it back to the software from the 2013 model year [83335]. (b) There is no information in the article indicating that the software failure incident was due to factors introduced by the operation or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident in the Hyundai vehicles was due to the engine management software causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that could damage the engine, potentially causing a vehicle stall or fire. This issue was identified by Hyundai after investigating trends in stalls and noncollision fires in certain Veloster vehicles, ultimately tracing it back to the software from the 2013 model year [83335].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the Hyundai Veloster vehicles was due to non-human actions. The problem stemmed from the engine management software, where the software might cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that could damage the engine, potentially causing a vehicle stall or fire. This issue was identified by Hyundai after NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation noticed a trend in stalls and noncollision fires in certain Veloster vehicles, leading to the discovery that software from the 2013 model year was causing these issues [83335].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident in the Hyundai vehicles was due to contributing factors that originate in hardware. The issue stemmed from the engine management software causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that could damage the engine, potentially causing a vehicle stall or fire. This indicates a hardware-related issue with the engine management system [83335].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident described in Article 83335 is non-malicious. The issue stemmed from poorly calibrated engine management software in Hyundai vehicles, specifically the 2013 Veloster models. The software caused the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that could potentially damage the engine, cause vehicle stalls, or even fires. Hyundai identified this flaw through investigations prompted by reports of stalls and noncollision fires in certain Veloster vehicles. The company traced the problem back to the software from the 2013 model year and is addressing it through a software update to minimize spark advance, reducing the risk of preignition [83335].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown (a) The software failure incident in the article was not due to poor decisions but rather a technical flaw in the engine management software. The issue stemmed from the software causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to potential engine damage, vehicle stalls, or fires. Hyundai identified this flaw after investigating trends in stalls and fires in certain Veloster vehicles [83335]. (b) The software failure incident was not a result of accidental decisions but rather a technical issue with the software that led to incorrect ignition timing in the engine, potentially causing safety hazards. Hyundai took proactive steps to address the problem by issuing a recall and providing a software update to minimize the risk of preignition [83335].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident in the article is not attributed to development incompetence. Instead, it is described as a flaw in the engine management software that causes the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to potential engine damage, vehicle stall, or fire. Hyundai identified the issue in the 2013 model year software after investigating trends in stalls and fires reported by NHTSA [83335]. (b) The software failure incident is accidental in nature, as it was not intentionally introduced but rather a result of the software causing the air-fuel mixture to ignite at the wrong time, leading to adverse effects on the engine [83335].
Duration temporary The software failure incident described in Article 83335 was temporary. The issue was specifically related to the engine management software in the 2013 Hyundai Veloster vehicles. Hyundai identified that the software in the 2013 model year was causing problems with the air-fuel mixture igniting at the wrong time, potentially leading to engine damage, vehicle stalls, or fires. This issue was not a permanent failure but rather a temporary one that could be addressed through a software update applied by Hyundai technicians [83335].
Behaviour crash, omission, value, byzantine (a) crash: The software issue in the affected vehicles could lead to a vehicle stall or possibly even a fire, indicating a failure due to the system losing state and not performing its intended functions [83335]. (b) omission: The software problem might cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, potentially leading to increased cylinder pressures that can damage the engine, suggesting a failure due to the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s) [83335]. (c) timing: The software in the affected vehicles might cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, which can result in knocking noise and warning light illumination, indicating a failure due to the system performing its intended functions correctly, but at the wrong time [83335]. (d) value: The software issue causes the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to increased cylinder pressures that can damage the engine, suggesting a failure due to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly [83335]. (e) byzantine: The software flaw in the vehicles could lead to a vehicle stall or fire, and the issue was discovered after a trend in stalls and noncollision fires was identified, indicating a failure due to the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions [83335]. (f) other: The software issue in the vehicles is related to the engine management software causing ignition timing problems, which could potentially lead to serious consequences like engine damage, stalls, or fires. This behavior could be categorized as a failure due to the system's incorrect calibration or control of critical engine functions, impacting the overall performance and safety of the vehicle [83335].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception embedded_software The software failure incident reported in Article 83335 is related to the embedded software of the vehicles. The problem stems from the engine management software in the affected vehicles, which might cause the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, potentially leading to engine damage, vehicle stall, or even a fire. Hyundai identified that the software from the 2013 model year was causing these issues and will address the problem through a software update to minimize spark advance [83335].
Communication unknown The software failure incident described in Article 83335 was not related to the communication layer of the cyber-physical system. The issue stemmed from the engine management software causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to potential engine damage, vehicle stalls, or fires. This indicates that the failure was not due to factors introduced by the physical layer (link_level) or network/transport layer (connectivity_level) of the cyber-physical system.
Application TRUE The software failure incident described in Article 83335 was related to the application layer of the cyber physical system. The issue stemmed from the engine management software in the affected vehicles, causing the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder to ignite at the wrong time, leading to potential engine damage, vehicle stalls, and even fires. This aligns with the definition of an application layer failure as it involves contributing factors introduced by bugs in the software application [83335].

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property The consequence of the software failure incident related to the Hyundai Veloster recall mentioned in Article 83335 is as follows: (d) property: People's material goods were impacted due to the software failure. The software issue in the affected vehicles could potentially damage the engine, leading to a vehicle stall or even a fire, impacting the property of the vehicle owners [83335].
Domain transportation, manufacturing (a) The software failure incident reported in Article 83335 is related to the transportation industry. The affected vehicles are part of the automotive sector, specifically the 2013 Hyundai Veloster models, which experienced a flaw in the engine management software that could lead to engine damage, vehicle stalls, or fires [83335].

Sources

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