Incident: F-35 Fighter Jets Experience Unpredictable Handling Software Failure.

Published Date: 2019-06-19

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving the F-35 fighter jets was reported in the article published on 2019-06-19 [85714]. Therefore, the software failure incident with the F-35 fighter jets likely occurred around June 2019.
System 1. Flight control system of the F-35 fighter jets [85714]
Responsible Organization 1. Lockheed Martin, the aerospace and defense company behind the F-35 fighter jets, was responsible for causing the software failure incident [85714].
Impacted Organization 1. US Navy and Marine forces [85714]
Software Causes 1. unknown
Non-software Causes 1. Handling issues at high speeds, particularly above a 20-degree angle of attack, leading to unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions [85714]. 2. Structural limitations at extremely high altitudes, where the Navy and Marine Corps version can only fly at supersonic speeds for short bursts of time without risking damage to the aircraft [85714]. 3. Deficiencies with the stealth coating, which can blister at supersonic speeds, affecting radar invisibility [85714].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in the F-35 fighter jets caused erratic handling at top speeds, leading to unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions, which were classified as a 'category 1 deficiency', the most serious type of deficiency [85714]. 2. Pilots reported that the handling issues would prevent repeatable air-to-air combat techniques, potentially resulting in mid-air collisions during training and aircraft loss during combat engagements with adversary aircraft and missiles [85714]. 3. The software failure limited the aircraft's performance to such an extent that it could not accomplish its primary or alternate missions, making the jets ineffective when needed most [85714]. 4. Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, mentioned that the issues would be resolved or downgraded soon as a result of software fixes, indicating that the software failure had a significant impact on the aircraft's functionality [85714].
Preventions 1. Conducting more thorough and rigorous testing of the software before deployment to identify and address potential issues, especially related to flight control systems and high-speed maneuvers [85714]. 2. Implementing a more robust software development process that includes continuous monitoring, feedback, and improvement to prevent critical deficiencies in the software [85714]. 3. Enhancing the software update process to ensure timely integration of fixes and improvements to address reported issues and prevent future failures [85714].
Fixes 1. Lockheed Martin plans to implement an update to the flight control system in the third quarter of the year to resolve or downgrade the issues [85714]. 2. Lockheed Martin's vice president, Greg Ulmer, mentioned that software fixes are expected to address the problems with the F-35 fighter jets [85714].
References 1. Documents obtained by Defense News [Article 85714] 2. Statements from Lockheed Martin vice president Greg Ulmer [Article 85714] 3. Retired Navy fighter pilot who reviewed the documents [Article 85714]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident happening again at the same organization or at multiple organizations. Therefore, the information related to the recurrence of a software failure incident is unknown based on the provided articles.
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the case of the F-35 fighter jets. The article mentions that the handling issues experienced by the jets, particularly at high speeds and angles of attack, have been identified as a significant deficiency that limits the aircraft's performance to the extent that it cannot accomplish its primary or alternate missions. Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, acknowledged these issues and mentioned that they are working on software fixes to address the problems introduced during the development phase [85714]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is highlighted by the issues faced by pilots during actual flights. Pilots reported erratic handling, unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions, and difficulties in controlling the aircraft at high speeds and angles of attack. These operational challenges indicate that the software issues are impacting the usability and effectiveness of the F-35 jets during real-world operations, potentially leading to safety concerns and limitations in combat scenarios [85714].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system, outside_system The software failure incident related to the F-35 fighter jets can be attributed to factors both within and outside the system: (a) within_system: The article mentions that Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, stated that the issues with the aircraft would be "resolved or downgraded soon as a result of software fixes" [85714]. This indicates that the software issues contributing to the unpredictable handling of the jets are internal to the system and can be addressed through software updates. (b) outside_system: On the other hand, the article also highlights that the F-35 jets have faced issues such as deficiencies with the stealth coating, spikes in cockpit pressure, and limitations on flying at supersonic speeds due to structural concerns [85714]. These issues are external factors affecting the performance of the aircraft, indicating that the software failure incident is not solely confined to internal software issues but also influenced by external factors.
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident related to non-human actions: The article mentions that the F-35 fighter jets have been plagued with issues since their rollout, and pilots have reported erratic handling at top speeds, including unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions, which are considered a 'category 1 deficiency' [85714]. Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, mentioned that the issues would be resolved or downgraded as a result of software fixes [85714]. This indicates that the software failure incident was primarily due to issues introduced in the software itself, without direct human involvement. (b) The software failure incident related to human actions: The article does not provide specific information indicating that the software failure incident was directly caused by contributing factors introduced by human actions. Therefore, it is unknown if human actions played a significant role in the software failure incident reported in the article.
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware, software (a) The software failure incident related to hardware: - The article mentions that the F-35 fighter jets have been plagued with issues, including difficulties in handling at high speeds and limitations in flying at supersonic speeds without risking structural damage to the aircraft [85714]. - There are reports of spikes in cockpit pressure causing sinus pain, loss of control on certain maneuvers, and a system error causing the plane to erroneously report battery problems in cold conditions [85714]. (b) The software failure incident related to software: - The article mentions that Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, stated that the issues with the aircraft would be resolved or downgraded as a result of software fixes [85714]. - Lockheed Martin's vice president mentioned an update to the flight control system planned for integration to address the issues [85714].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to malicious intent (option a). However, they do discuss software-related issues that are non-malicious in nature (option b). The F-35 fighter jets faced handling issues at high speeds, which were attributed to deficiencies in the flight control system and software. Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, mentioned that they were implementing software fixes to address these issues [85714].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The articles do not provide information specifically related to a software failure incident caused by poor decisions or accidental decisions. Therefore, the intent of the software failure incident in this case is unknown.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, unknown (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the case of the F-35 fighter jets. The article highlights that the jets have been plagued with issues since their rollout, with pilots reporting erratic handling and unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions, which are considered serious deficiencies [85714]. Despite being considered the most advanced military aircraft ever designed, the F-35 jets have faced challenges in maneuvering at high speeds, with a retired Navy fighter pilot criticizing the aircraft's performance [85714]. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is not explicitly mentioned in the provided article.
Duration temporary The software failure incident related to the F-35 fighter jets' handling issues at high speeds is more of a temporary nature. Lockheed Martin, the company behind the F-35, mentioned that the issues would be "resolved or downgraded soon as a result of software fixes" [85714]. This indicates that the software-related problems causing the unpredictable handling at high speeds are expected to be addressed through software updates, suggesting a temporary nature of the failure incident.
Behaviour omission, value, other (a) crash: The F-35 fighter jets experienced handling issues at high speeds, including unpredictable changes in pitch and rolling motions, which are considered a 'category 1 deficiency', the most serious type of deficiency. Pilots reported that these issues could lead to mid-air collisions during training and aircraft loss during combat engagements [85714]. (b) omission: The software issue in the F-35 fighter jets was related to the aircraft's handling at high speeds, particularly above a 20-degree angle of attack crucial in dogfights. Pilots feared that the jets would be unusable in combat situations due to the difficulty in controlling the aircraft under these conditions [85714]. (c) timing: There is no specific mention of a timing-related failure in the articles. (d) value: The software issue in the F-35 fighter jets led to a failure in performing the intended functions correctly, specifically in terms of maneuverability at high speeds, which could impact the aircraft's ability to dodge incoming missile strikes and perform air-to-air combat techniques effectively [85714]. (e) byzantine: The software issue in the F-35 fighter jets did not exhibit behaviors of inconsistent responses or interactions as described in a byzantine failure. (f) other: The software issue in the F-35 fighter jets also included deficiencies such as spikes in cockpit pressure causing sinus pain, loss of control on certain maneuvers, and system errors reporting battery problems in cold conditions. Additionally, the jets could only fly at supersonic speeds for short bursts without risking structural damage, and the stealth coating could blister at high speeds [85714].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence theoretical_consequence (a) unknown (b) unknown (c) unknown (d) unknown (e) unknown (f) unknown (g) no_consequence (h) The articles discuss potential consequences of the software failure, such as preventing repeatable air-to-air combat techniques resulting in mid-air collisions during training, as well as aircraft loss during combat engagements with adversary aircraft and missiles. The software failure incident was described as limiting the aircraft's performance to such an extent that it cannot accomplish its primary or alternate missions [85714]. (i) unknown
Domain government (a) The failed system in the incident was related to the defense industry, specifically the F-35 fighter jets used by the US Navy and Marine forces [85714].

Sources

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