Incident: Solar Roadway Project Failure in Normandy: Design and Performance Issues

Published Date: 2019-08-17

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident of the Wattway project in France happened in 2016 [88230].
System Unknown
Responsible Organization Unknown
Impacted Organization Unknown
Software Causes unknown
Non-software Causes 1. The road surface solar panels were not designed to support farm implement traffic, leading to damage from tractors [88230]. 2. The solar roadway generated excessive noise, leading to traffic speed restrictions to reduce sound levels [88230]. 3. The location of the Wattway in Normandy, with limited strong sunlight days per year, affected its ability to generate solar energy effectively [88230]. 4. The design of the flat road surface and shading from vehicles driving on it were not ideal for capturing solar energy efficiently [88230].
Impacts Unknown
Preventions 1. Conducting thorough feasibility studies and simulations to assess the practicality and durability of the technology in real-world conditions, including considering the specific requirements of rural roads [88230]. 2. Ensuring that the design and materials used in the software (in this case, the solar panels) are robust enough to withstand expected usage scenarios, such as farm implement traffic [88230]. 3. Factoring in environmental conditions like sunlight availability and shading effects from vehicles when designing solar energy generation systems [88230]. 4. Considering alternative locations or setups that are more suitable for the technology, such as installing traditional roof-mounted solar panels in sunnier regions [88230].
Fixes 1. Proper feasibility study and analysis of the environmental conditions and traffic patterns in the specific location before implementing the technology [88230]. 2. Conducting thorough testing and simulations to ensure the durability and functionality of the solar road panels under various conditions, including different types of vehicles and traffic speeds [88230]. 3. Implementing a design that allows for optimal solar energy capture, considering factors like sunlight exposure, shading from vehicles, and the angle of the road surface [88230]. 4. Considering alternative locations with more suitable sunlight conditions for such solar energy projects to maximize efficiency and return on investment [88230].
References unknown

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown Unknown
Phase (Design/Operation) unknown The article does not mention any software failure incident related to the development phases (design or operation). Therefore, the information about the software failure incident related to these aspects is unknown.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system, outside_system The software failure incident related to the Wattway project in France can be attributed to factors both within and outside the system: (a) within_system: The failure within the system can be attributed to the design and implementation of the solar roadway technology itself. The developers of the road surface solar panels did not adequately consider the need for rural roads to support farm implement traffic, leading to damage to the delicate solar panels underneath when tractors drove over them [88230]. (b) outside_system: The failure outside the system can be attributed to environmental factors such as the lack of strong sunlight in the Normandy area where the Wattway was installed. The area averages only around 44 days of strong sunlight per year, which significantly impacts the efficiency of the solar panels in generating energy. Additionally, the shading caused by vehicles driving on the surface further reduces the effectiveness of the solar panels [88230].
Nature (Human/Non-human) unknown The article does not mention any software failure incident related to non-human actions or human actions. Therefore, the information to answer this question is 'unknown'.
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident in the article is not related to hardware issues but rather to the design and functionality of the solar roadway system. The failure was primarily due to the road surface solar panels not being able to withstand the traffic, particularly from tractors, causing damage to the delicate solar panels underneath [88230]. (b) The software failure incident in the article is not related to software issues but rather to the inefficiency and design flaws of the solar roadway system. The failure was attributed to factors such as the inability of the solar panels to generate the expected amount of solar energy due to the location's lack of strong sunlight, shading from vehicles, and the flat road surface not being ideal for capturing solar energy efficiently [88230].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious The software failure incident described in the article does not involve any malicious intent. It is a non-malicious failure caused by design and implementation issues related to the solar roadway project in France [88230]. The failure was attributed to factors such as inadequate consideration of the road's ability to support farm implement traffic, the unsuitability of the silicon resin driving surface for tractor traffic, the lack of optimal sunlight exposure in the area, and the shading caused by passing vehicles, all of which led to the project's inability to generate the expected amount of solar energy.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The software failure incident related to the Wattway project in France does not directly involve software or software-related decisions. The failure of the solar road panels was primarily due to design and engineering issues related to the physical structure of the road surface solar panels, such as the inability to withstand farm implement traffic, noise levels, and inefficiency in generating solar energy. Therefore, the incident does not fall under the categories of poor_decisions or accidental_decisions related to software failures.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) unknown The article does not mention any software failure incident related to development incompetence or accidental factors. Therefore, the information to answer this question is 'unknown'.
Duration permanent The software failure incident related to the Wattway solar road project in France was more of a permanent failure rather than a temporary one. The failure was attributed to various contributing factors such as the design flaw in the road surface solar panels, the environmental conditions of the location, the inability to generate the expected amount of solar energy, and the high cost involved in the project. These factors collectively led to the project being deemed a failure in the long term [88230].
Behaviour other (a) crash: The software failure incident related to the Wattway project in France did not involve a crash of the system losing state and not performing any of its intended functions. The failure was primarily due to physical damage caused by tractors on the solar panels, leading to cracks and flaking of the silicon layer [88230]. (b) omission: The software failure incident was not a result of the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). Instead, the failure was attributed to the physical damage caused by farm implement traffic on the solar panels, affecting their ability to generate solar energy effectively [88230]. (c) timing: The failure was not due to the system performing its intended functions correctly but too late or too early. The issues with the Wattway project were more related to the design and implementation of the solar roadway, including factors like insufficient sunlight exposure in the area and shading caused by passing vehicles [88230]. (d) value: The software failure incident was not a result of the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. The primary issue was the physical damage to the solar panels, leading to a decrease in their efficiency in generating solar energy [88230]. (e) byzantine: The failure was not due to the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. The problems with the Wattway project were more related to the physical aspects of the solar panels and their interaction with farm implement traffic, rather than erratic behavior of the software system [88230]. (f) other: The software failure incident could be categorized as a failure related to design oversight or inadequate consideration of real-world usage scenarios. The developers did not anticipate the impact of farm implement traffic on the solar panels, leading to their damage and inefficiency in generating solar energy [88230].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, non-human, theoretical_consequence The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to death, harm, basic needs, property loss, or delays caused by the failure. The incident discussed in the article is related to the failure of the Wattway solar road project in France due to design and functionality issues, such as the road surface not being able to withstand farm implement traffic, generating less solar energy than expected, and being too loud. The consequences discussed are primarily related to the financial impact of the project costing 5 million Euros without delivering the intended results [88230].
Domain construction The failed system in the article was related to the (e) construction industry. The Wattway project in France was a solar roadway constructed outside Tourouvre-au-Perch in Normandy. The project aimed to integrate solar panels into the road surface to generate solar energy. However, the design and implementation of the solar panels on the road surface faced various challenges, such as the inability to withstand farm implement traffic, leading to damage and inefficiency in generating solar energy [Article 88230].

Sources

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