| Recurring |
one_organization, multiple_organization |
(a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization:
- The article mentions a previous attempt by North Korea's hackers to hack an Israeli defense corporation's computers in 2019, which was reported as a somewhat clumsy effort and was stopped [103804].
- In 2020, there was a more sophisticated attack on the Israeli defense industry by North Korean hackers, indicating a repeated incident within the same organization [103804].
(b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization:
- The article highlights that North Korea's hackers have targeted aerospace and defense companies in Europe and the Middle East, indicating that similar incidents have occurred at multiple organizations in different regions [103804]. |
| Phase (Design/Operation) |
design, operation |
(a) The software failure incident related to the design phase can be seen in the article where North Korean hackers posed as a Boeing headhunter on LinkedIn to target Israeli defense industry employees. The hackers created a fake LinkedIn profile for a senior personnel recruiter at Boeing, Dana Lopp, and mimicked headhunters from other defense and aerospace companies to establish contact with their Israeli targets. They then sent job requirements containing invisible spyware that infiltrated the employee’s personal computer and attempted to crawl into classified Israeli networks [103804].
(b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is evident in the article where North Korean hackers successfully installed hacking tools, such as a remote access trojan, on Israeli networks. This tool has been used in previous cyberattacks by North Korean hackers to steal passwords and other data. The successful installation of these hacking tools indicated that North Korea penetrated the Israeli networks further than initially disclosed by officials, highlighting a failure in the operation or security measures of the systems [103804]. |
| Boundary (Internal/External) |
within_system |
(a) within_system: The software failure incident in the article is primarily attributed to contributing factors that originate from within the system. The North Korea-linked hacking group, Lazarus, successfully penetrated Israeli defense industry computer systems by sending LinkedIn messages containing invisible spyware that infiltrated employees' personal computers and attempted to crawl into classified Israeli networks [103804]. This indicates that the failure was caused by internal vulnerabilities within the system that allowed the hackers to gain unauthorized access and potentially steal classified data. |
| Nature (Human/Non-human) |
non-human_actions, human_actions |
(a) The software failure incident in this case was primarily due to non-human actions, specifically a cyberattack by a North Korea-linked hacking group on Israel's classified defense industry. The attack involved the penetration of computer systems and the likely theft of classified data [103804].
(b) Human actions also played a role in this incident as the North Korean hackers used social engineering tactics, such as creating fake LinkedIn profiles and sending messages to employees of Israeli defense companies to trick them into downloading spyware [103804]. |
| Dimension (Hardware/Software) |
software |
(a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware:
- The article does not mention any software failure incident occurring due to contributing factors originating in hardware [103804].
(b) The software failure incident occurring due to software:
- The article reports a cyberattack on Israel's defense industry by a North Korea-linked hacking group, known as the Lazarus Group. The hackers penetrated the computer systems, likely stealing a large amount of classified data, and installing hacking tools on Israeli networks, such as a remote access trojan [103804]. |
| Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) |
malicious, non-malicious |
(a) The objective of the software failure incident was malicious, as it involved a cyberattack by a North Korea-linked hacking group on Israel's classified defense industry. The attack was aimed at penetrating computer systems and likely stealing a large amount of classified data, which could potentially be shared with Iran [103804]. The attack was part of North Korea's broader cyber activities aimed at generating income for its nuclear weapons program and evading sanctions [103804].
(b) The software failure incident was non-malicious in the sense that the defense ministry of Israel claimed that the attack was deflected "in real time" and there was no harm or disruption to its computer systems [103804]. |
| Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) |
unknown |
The intent of the software failure incident reported in the articles is related to poor_decisions. The incident involved a cyberattack by a North Korea-linked hacking group on Israel's classified defense industry. The hackers used sophisticated social engineering techniques, such as creating fake LinkedIn profiles and sending malicious files disguised as job requirements to infiltrate the Israeli networks [103804]. This indicates a deliberate and strategic approach by the hackers, rather than accidental decisions leading to the failure. |
| Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) |
accidental |
(a) The software failure incident in the article is not related to development incompetence. The incident was a cyberattack by a North Korea-linked hacking group on Israel's defense industry, which involved sophisticated social engineering tactics and the use of spyware to infiltrate computer systems [103804].
(b) The software failure incident in the article is related to an accidental failure. The cyberattack by the North Korea-linked hacking group on Israel's defense industry was not a result of incompetence but rather a deliberate and carefully planned attack using tactics like posing as headhunters from reputable companies on LinkedIn to gain access to sensitive information [103804]. |
| Duration |
temporary |
The software failure incident reported in the articles is more aligned with a temporary failure rather than a permanent one. This is evident from the fact that the cyberattack on Israel's defense industry by a North Korea-linked hacking group was deflected "in real time" with no "harm or disruption" to the computer systems [103804]. Additionally, the attack was thwarted by security researchers at ClearSky, indicating that the incident was not a permanent failure but rather a temporary disruption caused by specific circumstances introduced by the cyberattack. |
| Behaviour |
crash, omission, value, byzantine |
(a) crash: The software failure incident in the article can be related to a crash as the North Korean hackers attempted to infiltrate Israeli computer systems, leading to potential data theft and compromise of classified information [103804].
(b) omission: The software failure incident can also be linked to omission as the hackers successfully penetrated Israeli networks and potentially stole a large amount of classified data, indicating a failure of the system to prevent unauthorized access and data exfiltration [103804].
(c) timing: The timing of the software failure incident is not explicitly mentioned in the article. However, the fact that the attack was ongoing and potentially successful suggests that the system's response may have been delayed or inadequate in preventing the breach [103804].
(d) value: The software failure incident can be associated with a failure in value as the hackers were able to infiltrate Israeli networks and potentially compromise valuable classified data, indicating a failure of the system to protect sensitive information [103804].
(e) byzantine: The software failure incident can also be related to a byzantine behavior as the North Korean hackers employed sophisticated social engineering tactics, such as creating fake LinkedIn profiles and using invisible spyware, to infiltrate Israeli networks and target specific individuals within defense companies [103804].
(f) other: The software failure incident can be categorized under the "other" behavior as it involves a combination of system crash (potential compromise of system integrity), omission (failure to prevent unauthorized access), timing (potential delay in response), value (compromise of valuable data), and byzantine behavior (sophisticated social engineering tactics) [103804]. |