Incident: Microsoft Cloud Services Outage Impacts Teams, Outlook, and Office

Published Date: 2020-09-28

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident happened on September 28, 2020 [105484].
System 1. Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office [105484]
Responsible Organization 1. Microsoft [105484]
Impacted Organization 1. Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office, were impacted by the software failure incident [105484].
Software Causes 1. The software causes of the failure incident were related to issues with authentication for Microsoft's cloud services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office [105484]. 2. Microsoft attributed the outage to a specific portion of their infrastructure not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, which led to users experiencing difficulties logging into the online services [105484]. 3. The company mentioned that a recent update to the service was responsible for causing the outage, and they planned to roll back the update to mitigate the issues [105484].
Non-software Causes 1. Overload on authentication infrastructure due to increased demand during the pandemic [105484] 2. Recent update to the service causing issues [105484]
Impacts 1. Users worldwide experienced issues logging into Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office [105484]. 2. A specific portion of Microsoft's infrastructure was not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, leading to disruptions in service access [105484]. 3. A small subset of customers in North America and Asia Pacific were still unable to access services even after most services were restored [105484].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough testing procedures before deploying updates to the service could have prevented the software failure incident. Proper testing could have identified any potential issues with the update that caused the outage [105484]. 2. Having a robust backup and failover system in place could have minimized the impact of the outage. This would ensure that even if a specific portion of the infrastructure fails, alternate systems can quickly take over to provide continuity of service [105484]. 3. Implementing a more gradual rollout of updates could have helped in detecting and addressing any issues in a controlled manner before impacting a large number of users. This approach could have allowed for early detection of the authentication processing issue and prevented a widespread outage [105484].
Fixes 1. Rolling back the recent update that caused the outage could fix the software failure incident [105484]. 2. Pursuing mitigation steps for the specific portion of infrastructure that is not processing authentication requests in a timely manner could help resolve the issue [105484]. 3. Rerouting traffic to alternate systems to provide further relief to the affected users could also contribute to fixing the software failure incident [105484].
References 1. Microsoft's official statement [105484] 2. Twitter updates from Microsoft [@MSFT365Status] [105484]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization: The article mentions that Microsoft blamed a recent update to the service for causing the outage and that the update would be rolled back to mitigate issues. This indicates that a similar incident has happened before within Microsoft due to updates causing outages [105484]. (b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization: There is no specific mention in the article about similar incidents happening at other organizations or with their products and services. Therefore, it is unknown if this software failure incident has happened again at multiple organizations.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in this case was related to the design phase. Microsoft attributed the outage to a recent update to the service, stating that the update caused the authentication issues that led to the outage. They mentioned rolling back the update to mitigate the issues, indicating that the failure was due to contributing factors introduced by system development or updates [105484]. (b) The software failure incident was not explicitly attributed to the operation phase or misuse of the system in the provided articles.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) The software failure incident reported in the article was primarily within the system. Microsoft mentioned that the outage affecting their cloud-based office services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office, was due to issues with authentication for their cloud services [105484]. Additionally, Microsoft attributed the outage to a recent update to the service, indicating an internal factor contributing to the failure. The company also mentioned rerouting traffic to alternate systems and rolling back the update as mitigation steps, further highlighting that the issue originated within the system. (b) There is no specific mention in the article of contributing factors originating from outside the system that led to the software failure incident. The focus of the incident was on internal factors such as authentication issues and a problematic update within Microsoft's infrastructure [105484].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident occurred due to non-human actions, specifically a recent update to the service that was blamed for causing the outage. Microsoft mentioned on Twitter that the update would be rolled back to mitigate the issues [105484].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware: - The article does not mention any specific hardware-related issues contributing to the software failure incident. It primarily focuses on authentication issues in Microsoft's cloud-based office services, which were attributed to a specific portion of the infrastructure not processing authentication requests in a timely manner [105484]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to software: - The software failure incident was primarily attributed to a recent update to the service, which Microsoft blamed for causing the outage. The company mentioned that the update would be rolled back to mitigate the issues [105484].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident in this case was non-malicious. Microsoft attributed the outage to a specific portion of their infrastructure not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, which led to issues with logging into online services like Teams, Outlook, and Office [105484]. Additionally, Microsoft mentioned that the outage was caused by a recent update to the service, which they planned to roll back to mitigate the issues [105484]. (b) The software failure incident was not malicious, as there is no indication in the articles that the outage was caused by any intentional actions to harm the system.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions (a) The software failure incident related to the outage of Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, was attributed to a recent update to the service. Microsoft mentioned on Twitter that the outage was caused by a recent update and that rolling back the update would help mitigate the issues [105484]. This indicates that the failure was due to poor decisions related to the update that caused authentication issues and impacted users worldwide.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident can be attributed to development incompetence as Microsoft mentioned that a recent update to the service caused the outage, and they planned to roll back the update to mitigate the issues [105484]. (b) Additionally, the incident can also be categorized as accidental as Microsoft stated that a specific portion of their infrastructure was not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, leading to the outage. They were pursuing mitigation steps and rerouting traffic to alternate systems to provide relief to affected users [105484].
Duration temporary (a) The software failure incident in this case was temporary. Microsoft reported issues with authentication for its cloud services at around 9.25pm UTC, affecting services like Teams, Outlook, and Office worldwide. The company mentioned that a specific portion of their infrastructure was not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, and they were pursuing mitigation steps for the issue. By 3am UTC, Microsoft reported that the services were mostly restored, although a small subset of customers in North America and Asia Pacific were still facing issues accessing the services [105484].
Behaviour crash, other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article can be categorized as a crash. Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, experienced an outage where users were having issues logging in, and the system was not processing authentication requests in a timely manner, leading to a loss of service functionality [Article 105484]. (b) omission: There is no specific mention of the software failure incident being related to omission in the article. (c) timing: The software failure incident is not related to timing issues where the system performs its intended functions but too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident is not related to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident is not related to the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident can be described as a system outage impacting Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, due to issues with authentication processing, leading to a disruption in service availability [Article 105484].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence delay (a) death: People lost their lives due to the software failure (b) harm: People were physically harmed due to the software failure (c) basic: People's access to food or shelter was impacted because of the software failure (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure (e) delay: People had to postpone an activity due to the software failure (f) non-human: Non-human entities were impacted due to the software failure (g) no_consequence: There were no real observed consequences of the software failure (h) theoretical_consequence: There were potential consequences discussed of the software failure that did not occur (i) other: Was there consequence(s) of the software failure not described in the (a to h) options? What is the other consequence(s)? The articles do not mention any consequences such as death, harm, impact on basic needs, property loss, or non-human entities being affected due to the software failure incident. The main consequence mentioned is the disruption caused by the outage, leading to issues with logging into Microsoft's cloud-based office services like Teams, Outlook, and Office for users worldwide. The incident resulted in a delay for users who were unable to access these services during the outage. Microsoft worked on mitigating the issue by rerouting traffic and rolling back the recent update that caused the problem. Some customers in North America and Asia Pacific continued to face access issues even after most services were restored. The articles do not mention any other specific consequences or potential theoretical consequences beyond the service disruption and delay experienced by users [105484].
Domain information, finance, health (a) The failed system was intended to support the information industry as it affected Microsoft's cloud-based office services, including Teams, Outlook, and Office, which are crucial for communication and collaboration in work environments [105484]. (h) Additionally, the incident impacted the finance industry indirectly as Microsoft's services like Teams are used for various business operations, including financial transactions and communications [105484]. (m) The incident also had implications for other industries such as education and healthcare, as these sectors heavily rely on Microsoft's services for remote learning and telehealth purposes, especially during the pandemic [105484].

Sources

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