Incident: Hackers Exploit Codecov Software Tool Leading to Network Breaches

Published Date: 2021-04-19

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving Codecov happened when hackers tampered with their software development tool, gaining access to hundreds of networks belonging to customers. The incident was detected earlier this month when a customer raised concerns [113407]. Therefore, the software failure incident involving Codecov occurred in April 2021.
System 1. Codecov software development tool [113407] 2. Various internal software accounts' credentials 3. Networks belonging to Codecov's customers
Responsible Organization 1. Hackers who tampered with a software development tool from Codecov [Article 113407]
Impacted Organization 1. Codecov customers, including IBM, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE.N), Procter & Gamble Co, GoDaddy Inc, The Washington Post, and Atlassian Corporation PLC (TEAM.O) were impacted by the software failure incident [113407].
Software Causes 1. Hackers tampered with a software development tool from Codecov, allowing them to gain restricted access to networks [113407]. 2. The attackers used automation to copy credentials and raid additional resources, expanding the breach [113407]. 3. Codecov's software was tampered with by hackers starting on Jan. 31, but it was only detected later [113407].
Non-software Causes 1. The hackers tampered with a software development tool from a company called Codecov to gain restricted access to networks [113407]. 2. The attackers used automation to rapidly copy credentials and raid additional resources [113407]. 3. The hackers put extra effort into using Codecov to get inside other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services [113407]. 4. It is unclear who is behind the breach or if they are working for a national government [113407].
Impacts 1. Hackers gained restricted access to hundreds of networks belonging to Codecov's customers, potentially compromising stored credentials for various internal software accounts [113407]. 2. The attackers used automation to rapidly copy credentials and raid additional resources, expanding the breach beyond the initial disclosure by Codecov [113407]. 3. The hackers targeted other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services, potentially gaining credentials for thousands of other restricted systems [113407]. 4. IBM and other companies mentioned that their code had not been altered, but did not address whether access credentials to their systems had been taken [113407]. 5. Dozens of likely victims were notified, and private security companies were responding to assist multiple clients [113407]. 6. The scale of the attack and the skills needed were compared to the SolarWinds attack from the previous year [113407]. 7. It is unclear who is behind the breach or if they are working for a national government, similar to the SolarWinds incident [113407]. 8. Codecov users, including big tech services provider Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE.N), were still investigating to determine if they or their customers had been impacted [113407]. 9. Codecov recommended resetting credentials, and even users who had seen no evidence of hacking were taking the breach seriously [113407].
Preventions 1. Implementing robust security measures such as multi-factor authentication and encryption to protect sensitive credentials stored within the software tool could have prevented the hackers from gaining unauthorized access [113407]. 2. Conducting regular security audits and penetration testing on the software development tool to identify and address vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors [113407]. 3. Enhancing monitoring and detection capabilities to quickly identify any suspicious activities or unauthorized access attempts within the software tool, enabling a prompt response to potential security breaches [113407].
Fixes 1. Implementing stricter access controls and monitoring mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive credentials stored within software tools like Codecov [113407]. 2. Conducting thorough code reviews and security audits to identify and address any vulnerabilities or backdoors that could be exploited by hackers [113407]. 3. Enhancing incident response protocols to enable quicker detection and response to security breaches, such as setting up alerts for suspicious activities within software development tools [113407]. 4. Collaborating with cybersecurity experts and private security companies to investigate the breach, assess the extent of the damage, and implement necessary remediation measures [113407].
References 1. Investigators 2. IBM 3. FBI's San Francisco office 4. Private security companies 5. Codecov 6. Security experts 7. Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) 8. Corporate cybersecurity official 9. Department of Homeland Security's cybersecurity arm

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization, multiple_organization (a) The software failure incident has happened again at one_organization: The incident involving the hack of a software development tool from Codecov is reminiscent of the SolarWinds attack from the previous year. Both incidents involved compromising widely used software tools to gain access to sensitive networks and data. The scale of the attack on Codecov and the skills required were compared to the SolarWinds attack, which led to breaches in U.S. government agencies and private companies [113407]. (b) The software failure incident has happened again at multiple_organization: The hackers who breached Codecov's software development tool also targeted other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services, including IBM. This indicates that the attackers were not solely focused on Codecov but were attempting to gain access to multiple organizations through their software systems. Additionally, other companies like Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) were investigating potential impacts on their systems and customers, suggesting a broader impact beyond Codecov [113407].
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase occurred due to hackers tampering with a software development tool from Codecov, which allowed them to gain restricted access to hundreds of networks belonging to Codecov's customers. The attackers used automation to copy credentials and raid additional resources, expanding the breach beyond the initial disclosure by Codecov [113407]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase occurred as a result of the hackers using Codecov to get inside other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services, potentially gaining credentials for thousands of other restricted systems. The FBI's San Francisco office is investigating the compromises, and likely victims have been notified. Private security companies are responding to assist multiple clients affected by the breach [113407].
Boundary (Internal/External) outside_system The software failure incident reported in Article 113407 was primarily due to contributing factors that originated from outside the system. Hackers tampered with a software development tool from Codecov, gaining access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers. The attackers used automation to copy credentials and raid additional resources, expanding the breach beyond the initial disclosure by Codecov. Additionally, the hackers targeted other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services, potentially gaining credentials for thousands of other restricted systems [113407].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident in Article 113407 was primarily due to non-human actions, specifically hackers who tampered with a software development tool from Codecov. The hackers used automation to copy credentials and gain access to networks belonging to Codecov's customers and potentially other companies as well. The attack was described as involving automation and not direct human intervention in the development process [113407]. (b) Human actions were also involved in the response to the incident. Companies like IBM and HPE were investigating the matter, and Codecov users were busy resetting credentials as a precautionary measure. Additionally, security experts and private security companies were responding to assist multiple clients affected by the breach. These human actions were focused on investigating, mitigating, and responding to the software failure incident caused by the hackers [113407].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident reported in the articles is primarily due to contributing factors that originate in software. Hackers tampered with a software development tool from Codecov, allowing them to gain restricted access to networks belonging to the company's customers. The attackers exploited the software auditing tools made by Codecov to access stored credentials for various internal software accounts, enabling them to copy credentials and raid additional resources [113407]. (b) The software failure incident is also related to software issues. Hackers manipulated Codecov's software to gain unauthorized access to networks, indicating a failure in the software's security measures. The breach involved the compromise of software development programs and technology service providers, highlighting vulnerabilities in the software used by various companies [113407].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) malicious (a) The software failure incident reported in Article 113407 was malicious in nature. Hackers tampered with a software development tool from Codecov to gain restricted access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers. The attackers used automation to copy credentials and raid additional resources, expanding the breach beyond the initial disclosure by Codecov. The hackers also targeted other makers of software development programs and companies providing technology services, potentially gaining credentials for thousands of other restricted systems. The scale of the attack and the skills needed were compared to the SolarWinds attack from the previous year, indicating a sophisticated and intentional effort to compromise systems [113407].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions, accidental_decisions (a) The intent of the software failure incident was likely due to poor decisions made by the hackers who tampered with Codecov's software development tool. The hackers used the program to gain restricted access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers by exploiting the tool's access to stored credentials for various internal software accounts [113407]. This indicates a deliberate and calculated effort to breach the systems by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in the software tool. (b) Additionally, the incident could also involve accidental decisions or mistakes made by Codecov in terms of not detecting the tampering with their software promptly. The tampering with Codecov's software began on January 31 but was only detected earlier this month when a customer raised concerns [113407]. This delay in detection could be seen as an accidental decision or oversight on the part of Codecov, contributing to the extent of the breach and its impact on customers.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident reported in the articles is not attributed to development incompetence. The incident was caused by hackers who tampered with a software development tool from Codecov, allowing them to gain restricted access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers [113407]. (b) The software failure incident was accidental in nature as it was a result of hackers exploiting vulnerabilities in Codecov's software development tool, rather than being caused by accidental factors introduced during development or maintenance processes.
Duration temporary The software failure incident reported in Article 113407 was temporary. The incident involved hackers tampering with a software development tool from Codecov, which led to unauthorized access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers. The breach was detected earlier this month when a customer raised concerns, indicating that the failure was temporary and not permanent [113407].
Behaviour value, other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article does not involve a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions [113407]. (b) omission: The incident does not involve a failure due to the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s) [113407]. (c) timing: The incident does not involve a failure due to the system performing its intended functions correctly, but too late or too early [113407]. (d) value: The software failure incident in the article is related to a failure due to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. Hackers tampered with a software development tool from Codecov, gaining access to networks and credentials, allowing them to raid additional resources [113407]. (e) byzantine: The incident does not involve a failure due to the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions [113407]. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in the article can be categorized as a security breach caused by hackers exploiting a software development tool to gain unauthorized access to networks and credentials, leading to potential compromise of systems and data [113407].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, theoretical_consequence (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure The software failure incident involving Codecov resulted in hackers gaining access to hundreds of networks belonging to the company's customers. The attackers used the compromised software development tool to obtain credentials for various internal software accounts, allowing them to copy those credentials and potentially gain access to thousands of other restricted systems [113407]. Additionally, companies like IBM and Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) were investigating the incident to determine if access credentials to their systems had been taken, indicating a potential impact on their data and security [113407].
Domain information (a) The failed system was intended to support the industry of information, specifically software development tools used for code auditing and testing [113407]. (b) Not mentioned in the article. (c) Not mentioned in the article. (d) Not mentioned in the article. (e) Not mentioned in the article. (f) Not mentioned in the article. (g) Not mentioned in the article. (h) Not mentioned in the article. (i) Not mentioned in the article. (j) Not mentioned in the article. (k) Not mentioned in the article. (l) Not mentioned in the article. (m) Not mentioned in the article.

Sources

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