Incident: Peloton Treadmill Design Flaw and Data Leak Incident

Published Date: 2021-05-05

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving the exposure of Peloton users' private data due to a bug in the software was reported on May 5, 2021, in Article 114175.
System 1. Peloton Tread+ and Tread treadmills [Article 114175] 2. Peloton's software API [Article 114175]
Responsible Organization 1. Peloton's software was responsible for the failure incident as a bug in the software exposed users' private data, including age, workout statistics, and weight [114175]. 2. The software design fault in Peloton's treadmills, which led to injuries and the death of a child, was also a contributing factor to the failure incident [114175].
Impacted Organization 1. Consumers who purchased Peloton's Tread+ and Tread treadmills, leading to injuries and the death of a child [114175] 2. Peloton as a company, facing a significant stock price drop and issuing a nationwide recall [114175] 3. Peloton users whose private data, including age, workout statistics, and weight, were exposed due to a software bug [114175]
Software Causes 1. Software bug in the Peloton application programming interface (API) that exposed users' private data [114175] 2. Failure to address API vulnerabilities reported by a security researcher, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive user information [114175]
Non-software Causes 1. Design fault in Peloton's treadmills leading to injuries and the death of a child [114175] 2. Safety hazards around children and pets due to the design of the Tread+ treadmill [114175] 3. Lack of clear communication and safety procedures regarding the use of the treadmill [114175] 4. Mechanical issues causing injuries and incidents, such as a child being sucked under the treadmill [114175]
Impacts 1. Private user data, including age, workout statistics, and weight, were exposed due to a software bug in Peloton's system [114175]. 2. The software bug allowed unauthorized access to sensitive information for all users, including live class statistics and attendees [114175]. 3. The bug was reported to Peloton on January 20, 2021, with a 90-day deadline to fix it, but Peloton missed the deadline [114175]. 4. Peloton confirmed on Tuesday that they had fixed the user account vulnerabilities [114175].
Preventions 1. Implementing proper authentication and authorization mechanisms in the software to prevent unauthorized access to user account data could have prevented the data leak incident [114175]. 2. Conducting thorough security testing and vulnerability assessments on the software to identify and address any potential bugs or flaws that could lead to data breaches or unauthorized access [114175]. 3. Timely response to security researchers' reports and adhering to standard deadlines for fixing identified vulnerabilities could have prevented the data leak incident [114175]. 4. Ensuring that safety procedures and warnings are communicated effectively to users to prevent accidents and injuries related to product usage could have prevented the physical safety incidents associated with the treadmills [114175].
Fixes 1. Implement thorough testing procedures to identify and address software bugs and vulnerabilities before products are released to the market [114175]. 2. Ensure prompt response and action to security researchers' reports of software vulnerabilities to prevent unauthorized access to user data [114175]. 3. Enhance data security measures to protect users' private information from being exposed due to software bugs [114175]. 4. Improve communication with users regarding safety procedures and guidelines for product usage to prevent accidents and injuries [114175].
References 1. Jan Masters, a security researcher at Pen Test Partners [114175] 2. TechCrunch [114175]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring multiple_organization (a) The software failure incident related to Peloton's treadmills was not specifically mentioned to have happened again within the same organization in the news articles provided. (b) The software failure incident related to Peloton's treadmills, specifically the exposure of users' private data due to a software bug, was reported to have occurred at other organizations as well. A security researcher found vulnerabilities in Peloton's API that allowed unauthorized access to user account data [114175]. This incident highlights a common issue in software development where bugs or vulnerabilities can lead to data breaches, not limited to just one organization.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase can be seen in the case of Peloton's Tread+ and Tread treadmills. The incident was attributed to a design fault in the treadmills, leading to injuries and even the death of a child. Peloton's CEO acknowledged the mistake in the initial response to the Consumer Product Safety Commission's request, indicating a design flaw in the products [114175]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is evident in the exposure of Peloton users' private data due to a bug in the software. A security researcher found vulnerabilities in Peloton's API that allowed unauthorized access to user account data, including sensitive information like age, workout statistics, and weight. Peloton confirmed fixing these user account vulnerabilities [114175].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to Peloton's treadmills involved a software bug that exposed users' private data, including their age, workout statistics, and weight. The bug allowed unauthorized access to sensitive information through Peloton's application programming interface (API) [114175]. (b) outside_system: The main failure incident with Peloton's treadmills was not primarily due to factors originating from outside the system. The incidents, including injuries and the death of a child, were caused by design faults and safety issues within the treadmills themselves, such as the risk of entrapment and injuries during use [114175].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident related to non-human actions: - A security researcher found a bug in the software that exposed Peloton users' private data, including their age, workout statistics, and weight, through the application programming interface (API) without proper authorization checks [114175]. - The bug allowed unauthorized users to access sensitive information for all users and spy on live class statistics without proper authentication [114175]. (b) The software failure incident related to human actions: - Peloton initially dismissed warnings from safety regulators about the dangers of their treadmills, insisting their products were not dangerous if used correctly [114175]. - Peloton admitted to making a mistake in their initial response to the Consumer Product Safety Commission's request and acknowledged that they should have engaged more productively with them from the outset [114175]. - The company faced criticism for not communicating safety procedures effectively to users, leading to incidents where individuals, including children, were injured or trapped by the treadmills [114175].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware: - The article mentions that Peloton users' private data, including their age, workout statistics, and weight, were exposed by a bug in the software [114175]. - The bug in the software allowed unauthorized access to sensitive user information through the application programming interface (API) [114175]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to software: - The article does not specifically mention any software failure incident originating from software factors.
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident related to the exposure of Peloton users' private data was non-malicious. A security researcher found a bug in the software that allowed unauthorized access to sensitive user information without proper authentication [114175]. (b) The design fault in Peloton's treadmills that led to injuries and the death of a child was non-malicious. The CEO of Peloton acknowledged the mistake in the company's initial response to safety warnings and issued a nationwide recall of the treadmills, indicating that the failure was not intentional but a result of a design flaw [114175].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions, accidental_decisions (a) The software failure incident related to the exposure of Peloton users' private data was primarily due to poor decisions made by the company. A security researcher found vulnerabilities in Peloton's API that allowed unauthorized access to sensitive user information, including age, city, workout statistics, and weight. Peloton was informed of these issues but failed to address them promptly, missing the 90-day deadline to fix the bug. This delay in addressing the vulnerability led to the exposure of private user data [114175]. (b) The software failure incident related to the design fault in Peloton's treadmills, which led to injuries and the death of a child, can be attributed to accidental decisions or unintended consequences. Initially, Peloton dismissed warnings from safety regulators and insisted their products were safe if used correctly. However, after multiple incidents and injuries, including a child's death, Peloton acknowledged their mistake and issued a nationwide recall of the treadmills. This indicates that the failure was not intentional but rather a result of overlooking safety concerns and underestimating the risks associated with the product [114175].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the article as a security researcher discovered a bug in the software that exposed Peloton users' private data, including their age, workout statistics, and weight. The bug allowed unauthorized access to sensitive information through Peloton's application programming interface (API) without proper authorization checks [114175]. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is seen in the article where a runner described how her Peloton treadmill threw her into a wall and ripped off her skin after she lost her footing. The incident resulted in burns and bone fractures, highlighting an accidental failure due to the treadmill's design and operation [114175].
Duration unknown The articles do not provide information about a software failure incident being either permanent or temporary.
Behaviour omission, other (a) crash: The articles do not mention any specific instance of a software crash. (b) omission: The software failure incident related to the Peloton treadmills involved a design flaw that led to injuries and the death of a child. The company initially dismissed warnings about the safety issues, indicating an omission in addressing the potential risks [114175]. (c) timing: There is no indication in the articles that the software failure incident was related to timing issues. (d) value: The software failure incident did not involve the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident did not exhibit behaviors of inconsistency or erratic responses. (f) other: The software failure incident involved a bug in the software that exposed users' private data, including age, workout statistics, and weight. This vulnerability allowed unauthorized access to sensitive information, indicating a security flaw in the software [114175].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence death, harm, property (a) death: People lost their lives due to the software failure - The article mentions that one child died in March while using the Peloton Tread+ treadmill [114175]. (b) harm: People were physically harmed due to the software failure - The article reports that there were multiple injuries, including a child suffering severe abrasions to her legs after being sucked under the Peloton Tread+ treadmill [114175]. (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure - The article mentions that Peloton users' private data, including their age, workout statistics, and weight, were exposed by a bug in the software [114175].
Domain information, finance, health (a) The software failure incident related to the Peloton treadmills was primarily in the health industry, specifically in the at-home connected fitness sector. The incident involved design faults in Peloton's Tread+ and Tread treadmills, leading to injuries and the death of a child [Article 114175]. (h) Additionally, the software failure incident also had implications in the finance industry as Peloton's stock prices fell sharply following the nationwide recall of the treadmills, impacting the company's financial performance [Article 114175]. (m) Furthermore, the software failure incident also had implications in the information industry as Peloton users' private data, including age, workout statistics, and weight, were exposed due to a bug in the software [Article 114175].

Sources

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