Incident: Rocket Failure During Alpha Launch by Firefly at Vandenberg Space Force Base

Published Date: 2021-09-03

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident happened on Thursday during the launch of Firefly's Alpha rocket [118663]. Estimation: Step 1: The incident happened on Thursday. Step 2: The article was published on 2021-09-03. Step 3: The incident occurred on Thursday, 2021-09-02.
System 1. Flight termination system failed [118663]
Responsible Organization 1. The software failure incident during the launch of Firefly's Alpha rocket was caused by an anomaly experienced by the rocket, leading to it tipping over and going off course before exploding [118663].
Impacted Organization 1. The space startup Firefly was impacted by the software failure incident as their Alpha rocket experienced an anomaly and ultimately exploded during the flight [118663]. 2. The Vandenberg division in charge of space launches was impacted as they had to terminate the rocket due to the failure [118663]. 3. The US Space Force was impacted as they will be convening a team of investigators to determine the cause of the failure [118663].
Software Causes 1. Unknown
Non-software Causes 1. The rocket experienced an anomaly two minutes into the flight, leading to it tipping over and going off course before exploding [118663]. 2. The Vandenberg division in charge of space launches disclosed that they had to terminate the rocket, indicating a need for manual intervention due to the anomaly [118663]. 3. The flight termination system, which is a set of onboard explosives that can be remotely triggered to destroy the rocket, was activated to protect people and property on the ground [118663].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident led to the termination of the Firefly Alpha rocket during its first launch, causing the rocket to explode shortly after experiencing an anomaly [118663]. 2. The failure resulted in the loss of the rocket and its payload, impacting the company's plans to launch small satellites into orbit and compete with other startups in the space industry [118663]. 3. The incident triggered the need for a team of investigators to determine the cause of the failure, delaying the company's future missions and potentially affecting its reputation in the industry [118663].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough software testing procedures to identify and address any potential bugs or issues before the launch [118663]. 2. Conducting comprehensive simulations and scenario testing to anticipate and mitigate possible anomalies during the flight [118663]. 3. Ensuring proper integration and testing of the flight termination system to guarantee its functionality in case of emergencies [118663].
Fixes 1. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine the root cause of the anomaly experienced by the Firefly Alpha rocket during its flight [118663]. 2. Implement necessary software updates or modifications based on the data obtained from the test flight to prevent similar incidents in future missions [118663].
References 1. Statement from the Austin-based company Firefly [118663] 2. Statement from the Vandenberg division in charge of space launches [118663] 3. Statement from the US Space Force [118663]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown (a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization: The article does not mention any previous incidents of software failure within the same organization, Firefly. Therefore, it is unknown if a similar incident has happened before within the same organization [118663]. (b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization: The article does not provide information about similar incidents happening at other organizations. Hence, it is unknown if a similar incident has occurred at other organizations [118663].
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the article. The incident with Firefly's Alpha rocket occurred during its flight when it experienced an anomaly two minutes into the flight, shortly after achieving supersonic speed. This anomaly led to the rocket tipping over and going off course before exploding. The statement from the company mentioned that a team of investigators will convene to determine the cause of the failure, indicating that there may have been contributing factors introduced during the system development or updates that led to this design failure [118663]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is also apparent in the article. After the anomaly occurred during the flight, the Vandenberg division in charge of space launches disclosed that they had "terminated" the rocket. This termination involved triggering the onboard explosives to destroy the rocket in order to protect people and property on the ground. The decision to terminate the rocket was an operational response to the failure that occurred during the flight, indicating that contributing factors introduced by the operation or misuse of the system played a role in the incident [118663].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident involving the Firefly Alpha rocket launch appears to be within the system boundary. The article mentions that two minutes into the flight, the rocket experienced an anomaly, causing it to tip over and go off course before exploding. The statement from the company indicated that they would convene a team of investigators to determine the cause of the failure, suggesting an internal investigation into the software or system issues [118663].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the article was not explicitly attributed to non-human actions. The incident was described as an "anomaly" experienced by the rocket during the flight, leading to its termination by the Vandenberg division in charge of space launches. The article mentions that a team of investigators will convene to determine the cause of the failure, indicating a focus on technical aspects rather than non-human factors [118663]. (b) The software failure incident in the article was not explicitly attributed to human actions either. The article does not mention any specific human errors or actions that directly led to the failure of the rocket. It primarily focuses on the technical aspects of the anomaly experienced by the rocket during the flight and the subsequent investigation to determine the cause of the failure [118663].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) unknown (a) The software failure incident in Article 118663 was not explicitly attributed to hardware or software issues. The incident was described as an "anomaly" experienced by the Alpha rocket during its flight, leading to the rocket tipping over and going off course before exploding. The focus was on investigating the cause of the failure, with a team of investigators set to convene for this purpose. The article did not specify whether the anomaly was caused by hardware or software factors, so it remains unknown in this case.
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident described in Article 118663 does not indicate any malicious intent. The failure occurred during the launch of Firefly's Alpha rocket, where an anomaly was experienced causing the rocket to tip over and explode. The incident was serious enough for the Vandenberg division to terminate the rocket using onboard explosives for safety reasons. The US Space Force mentioned convening a team of investigators to determine the cause of the failure, indicating a focus on understanding and addressing the technical issues that led to the anomaly [118663].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The incident involving the Firefly Alpha rocket launch does not directly mention software failure as the cause of the anomaly during the flight. The focus is on the rocket's flight termination system and the physical failure of the rocket itself. Therefore, it is unknown whether the failure was due to poor decisions or accidental decisions related to software.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident in Article 118663 does not specifically mention development incompetence as a contributing factor. The incident is described as an anomaly experienced by the Alpha rocket during its flight, leading to the rocket tipping over, going off course, and ultimately exploding. The focus is on investigating the cause of the failure rather than attributing it to development incompetence. (b) The software failure incident in Article 118663 is more aligned with an accidental failure. The article describes the anomaly experienced by the Alpha rocket during its flight, leading to the rocket tipping over and going off course before exploding. The termination of the rocket by the Vandenberg division was likely a safety measure triggered due to the unexpected behavior of the rocket, indicating an accidental failure rather than a deliberate action.
Duration temporary The article does not provide specific information about the duration of the software failure incident in terms of being permanent or temporary. The incident described in the article pertains to the failure of the Firefly Alpha rocket during its first launch, leading to an anomaly and the subsequent termination of the rocket. The focus is on investigating the cause of the failure and utilizing data from the test flight for future missions.
Behaviour crash, other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article resulted in a crash as the Alpha rocket experienced an anomaly two minutes into the flight, causing it to tip over, go off course, and eventually explode [118663]. (b) omission: There is no specific mention of the software failure incident omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance in the article. (c) timing: The article does not indicate that the software failure incident was related to the system performing its intended functions too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident did not involve the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident did not exhibit behaviors of inconsistency or erroneous responses and interactions. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in the article can be categorized as a catastrophic failure leading to the destruction of the rocket, which is not explicitly covered in the options provided.

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, non-human The consequence of the software failure incident in the provided article is as follows: (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure. The software failure incident involving the Firefly Alpha rocket resulted in the rocket being terminated by the Vandenberg division in charge of space launches to protect people and property on the ground. This termination involved triggering onboard explosives to destroy the rocket, which can be considered as an impact on property [118663].
Domain knowledge (a) The failed system was intended to support the space industry, specifically in the field of space launches and satellite deployment. The incident involved the launch of Firefly's Alpha rocket, which aimed to launch small satellites into orbit [118663].

Sources

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