Incident: Tesla Recalls 27,000 Vehicles Due to Heat Pump Software Error

Published Date: 2022-02-09

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident of the Tesla vehicles' heat pump occurred in 2022 [124193].
System 1. Heat pumps in Tesla vehicles (2021 and 2022 Model 3, Model S, Model X, and some 2020-2022 Model Y vehicles) [124193].
Responsible Organization 1. The software error causing the heat pump issue in Tesla's vehicles was likely a result of Tesla's internal software development team [124193].
Impacted Organization 1. Tesla (Article 124193)
Software Causes 1. The software error causing a valve in the vehicles' heat pumps to open unintentionally, trapping refrigerant inside the evaporator and causing the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode, reducing defrosting performance [124193].
Non-software Causes 1. The issue with the energy-efficient heat pumps in Tesla vehicles was caused by a software error that can cause a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, trapping refrigerant inside the evaporator and causing the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode [124193].
Impacts 1. The software error in Tesla's heat pump system caused a valve to open unintentionally, trapping refrigerant inside the evaporator, leading to the compressor going into a fail-safe mode. This resulted in reduced cabin temperature when it's below 14 degrees outside, impacting defrosting performance [Article 124193].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough software testing procedures during the development phase to identify and rectify any potential software errors before the product is released to customers [124193]. 2. Conducting regular software updates and maintenance checks to ensure the software functions correctly and to address any emerging issues promptly [124193]. 3. Enhancing quality control measures to detect and address any software bugs or faults that could lead to operational failures [124193].
Fixes 1. Implement a software update to fix the software error causing the valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to reduced defrosting performance [124193].
References 1. U.S. safety regulators 2. Tesla CEO Elon Musk 3. Owners of the affected cars posting on social media 4. The Associated Press

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown (a) The software failure incident related to the ineffective heat pumps in Tesla vehicles has not been reported to have happened again within the same organization. The article does not mention any previous incidents of a similar nature occurring with Tesla's products or services. (b) The article mentions that Volvo's electric car brand, Polestar, also offers a heat pump as an optional feature but has not yet had any reported issues with the technology. This indicates that the software failure incident related to the heat pumps in Tesla vehicles has not been reported to have occurred at other organizations offering similar technology [124193].
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the Tesla vehicles can be attributed to the design phase. The article mentions that the issue with the energy-efficient heat pumps is caused by a software error that can lead to a valve opening unintentionally, trapping refrigerant and causing the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode, impacting defrosting performance [124193]. This indicates that the failure was introduced during the system development or design of the heat pump technology.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident in the article is related to a software error within Tesla's vehicles' heat pumps. The issue causing the ineffective defrosting of windows is attributed to a software error that can cause a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to reduced defrosting performance [124193]. This indicates that the failure originated from within the system, specifically from the software controlling the heat pump functionality.
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the Tesla vehicles was due to non-human actions. The issue with the energy-efficient heat pumps was caused by a software error that could lead to a valve opening unintentionally, trapping refrigerant and causing the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode, affecting defrosting performance [124193]. This indicates that the failure was a result of a technical flaw in the software rather than human actions.
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware, software (a) The software failure incident in the Tesla vehicles is related to a hardware issue. The article mentions that the recall is due to an issue with the energy-efficient heat pumps in the vehicles, specifically a software error causing a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to problems with defrosting the windows. This issue originates in the hardware component of the heat pumps, affecting their functionality [124193].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident described in the article is non-malicious. The issue with Tesla's heat pumps causing ineffective defrosting of windows is attributed to a software error that unintentionally causes a valve in the vehicles' heat pumps to open, leading to reduced defrosting performance [124193]. This indicates that the failure was not due to any malicious intent but rather a technical flaw in the software system.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) accidental_decisions The software failure incident described in the article [124193] is more aligned with the option of 'accidental_decisions'. The issue with the heat pumps in Tesla's vehicles was attributed to a software error that caused a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to the trapping of refrigerant and subsequent reduction in defrosting performance. This unintended consequence was not a result of deliberate poor decisions but rather a mistake or unintended decision in the software programming that led to the malfunction.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident in the Tesla vehicles was attributed to a software error that can cause a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to issues with defrosting the windows. This issue was identified as a result of a lack of professional competence in the development process, as the software error was not intended and caused the heat pumps to malfunction [124193]. (b) The software failure incident in the Tesla vehicles was accidental in nature, as the software error causing the valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally was not a deliberate action but rather an unintended consequence of the programming. This accidental introduction of a software error led to the safety hazard of reduced defrosting performance in the affected vehicles [124193].
Duration temporary The software failure incident described in the article is temporary. The issue with the energy-efficient heat pumps in Tesla vehicles is caused by a software error that can cause a valve in the heat pumps to open unintentionally, leading to reduced defrosting performance. This issue is not a permanent failure but rather a temporary one that occurs under specific circumstances, such as when the temperature outside is below 14 degrees. The software error triggers the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode, impacting the heat pump's functionality in those conditions [124193].
Behaviour omission, value, other (a) crash: The software error in Tesla's vehicles' heat pumps can cause the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode, which can reduce the temperature in the cabin when it's below 14 degrees outside, impacting defrosting performance [124193]. (b) omission: The software error in the heat pumps can cause a valve to open unintentionally, trapping refrigerant inside the evaporator, leading to reduced defrosting performance [124193]. (c) timing: The software error in the heat pumps can result in the compressor going into a fail-safe mode, affecting the temperature regulation in the cabin, particularly when it's below 14 degrees outside [124193]. (d) value: The software error in the heat pumps can lead to reduced defrosting performance, impacting the effectiveness of the heat pumps in the vehicles [124193]. (e) byzantine: There is no indication in the article of the software failure incident exhibiting byzantine behavior. (f) other: The software error in the heat pumps is causing unintended behavior in the valve and compressor, affecting the overall performance of the heat pumps in the Tesla vehicles [124193].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property The consequence of the software failure incident in the reported article is as follows: (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure - The software error in Tesla's vehicles' heat pumps can cause a valve to open unintentionally, trapping refrigerant inside the evaporator and causing the compressor to go into a fail-safe mode. This can reduce the temperature in the cabin, affecting the defrosting performance of the windows, which poses a safety hazard to the vehicle owners [124193].
Domain transportation (a) The software failure incident reported in the article is related to the transportation industry. Tesla's cars, specifically the Model 3, Model S, Model X, and Model Y vehicles, are being recalled due to a software error in their energy-efficient heat pumps, which affects their defrosting performance [Article 124193].

Sources

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