Incident: BMW Vehicle Recall Due to Engine Ventilation System Fire Hazard

Published Date: 2022-03-09

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident of BMW vehicles, where an issue with the engine ventilation system could cause fires, was first observed in 2019 [125953]. 2. By early 2021, six more incidents had been reported related to the same issue [125953]. Therefore, the software failure incidents related to the engine ventilation system issue in BMW vehicles occurred between 2019 and early 2021.
System unknown
Responsible Organization 1. Positive crankcase ventilation valve heater in BMW vehicles [125953]
Impacted Organization 1. Vehicle owners of BMW sedans and SUVs worldwide [125953]
Software Causes unknown
Non-software Causes 1. Electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater leading to overheating and fire risk [125953] 2. Isolated incidents of fires observed in 2019, assumed to be unrelated at the time [125953] 3. Six more fire incidents reported by early 2021 [125953]
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in BMW vehicles, specifically related to an issue with the engine ventilation system, led to a recall of over a million vehicles worldwide, including approximately 917,000 sedans and SUVs in the US, 98,000 cars in Canada, and 18,000 in South Korea [Article 125953]. 2. The vulnerability in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater of the affected vehicles could result in an electrical short, leading to overheating and potentially causing a fire, whether the car is parked or being driven [Article 125953]. 3. The first fire incident related to this software failure was observed in 2019, with subsequent incidents reported by early 2021, indicating a recurring issue that needed to be addressed through the recall [Article 125953]. 4. BMW indicated that a remedy for the software failure issue is being developed and is expected to be ready by mid-2022, aiming to rectify the underlying problem in the affected vehicles [Article 125953].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough software testing procedures during the development phase to detect any potential issues related to the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater [125953]. 2. Regularly monitoring and analyzing data from vehicles in the field to proactively identify any emerging patterns or anomalies that could indicate a potential fire risk [125953]. 3. Conducting comprehensive risk assessments and safety evaluations on critical components like the engine ventilation system to ensure early detection of any vulnerabilities [125953].
Fixes 1. A remedy is being developed by BMW, likely ready by mid-2022 [125953].
References 1. US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Article 125953] 2. BMW spokesperson [Article 125953]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident related to the engine ventilation system issue causing a fire in BMW vehicles has happened again within the same organization. The article mentions that the recall covers many BMW models produced between 2006 and 2013, most of which were subject to prior recalls. The first fire related to this issue was observed in 2019, and by early 2021, six more incidents had been reported, leading to the voluntary recall initiated by BMW [125953].
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles was primarily related to a design issue in the engine ventilation system. The problem stemmed from an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, which could lead to overheating and potentially cause a fire. This issue was identified in vehicles produced between 2006 and 2013, indicating a design flaw in the system development phase [125953]. (b) The operation of the affected vehicles, such as driving or parking, could trigger the software failure incident by causing overheating and potential fires. The article mentions that drivers were advised to pull over, shut off the engine, and exit the vehicle if they smelled smoke or saw smoke coming from the engine. This highlights the operational aspect of the failure incident [125953].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) The software failure incident related to the BMW recall is within_system. The issue with the engine ventilation system causing a risk of fire is attributed to an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater within the vehicles themselves. This internal system flaw is leading to overheating and potential fires, whether the car is parked or being driven [125953].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles was not directly attributed to non-human actions but rather to an issue with the engine ventilation system that could lead to overheating and potential fires. The root cause was identified as an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, which could cause the problem over time [125953]. (b) The failure in the BMW vehicles was not explicitly linked to human actions in the provided article. The focus was on the technical issue with the engine ventilation system that could result in overheating and fire hazards, rather than any specific human error or action leading to the software failure [125953].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is related to hardware. The issue cited in the article is with the engine ventilation system, specifically an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater. This hardware irregularity can lead to overheating and potentially cause a fire in the vehicles [125953].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious The software failure incident reported in Article 125953 regarding BMW's recall of over a million vehicles worldwide is categorized as a non-malicious failure. The issue with the engine ventilation system that can cause fires is attributed to an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, leading to overheating and potential fires in the vehicles. This issue was not caused by any malicious intent but rather by a technical fault in the system, prompting BMW to initiate a voluntary recall to address the safety concern [125953].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The software failure incident reported in Article 125953 regarding BMW's recall of over a million vehicles worldwide due to an issue with the engine ventilation system does not directly indicate a software failure caused by poor decisions or accidental decisions. The issue mentioned in the article is related to an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, leading to overheating and potential fire hazards in the vehicles. The root cause appears to be a technical fault rather than a result of poor or accidental decisions related to software development or implementation.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) unknown (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is not mentioned in the provided article [125953]. (b) The software failure incident related to an accidental cause is not mentioned in the provided article [125953].
Duration unknown The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to the BMW recall for the engine ventilation system issue. Therefore, the duration of the software failure incident being permanent or temporary is unknown.
Behaviour other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is not specifically mentioned as a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions [125953]. (b) omission: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is not described as an omission where the system omits to perform its intended functions at an instance(s) [125953]. (c) timing: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is not related to timing issues where the system performs its intended functions too late or too early [125953]. (d) value: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is not attributed to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly [125953]. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is not characterized by the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions [125953]. (f) other: The software failure incident in the BMW vehicles is related to an issue with the engine ventilation system that can cause a fire due to an electrical short in the positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, leading to overheating and potential fires in the vehicles [125953].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence harm, property, non-human, theoretical_consequence The consequence of the software failure incident reported in Article 125953 is related to the potential harm caused by the issue with BMW vehicles' engine ventilation system. The article mentions that the cars are vulnerable to an electrical short in their positive crankcase ventilation valve heater, which can lead to overheating and even cause a fire, posing a risk of harm to individuals. While the article does not specifically mention any actual physical harm or deaths resulting from the software failure incident, the potential consequence of harm due to the risk of fire is highlighted [125953].
Domain transportation (a) The failed system in the reported incident is related to the transportation industry. The software failure incident involves German carmaker BMW recalling over a million vehicles worldwide due to an issue with the engine ventilation system that can lead to fires, affecting sedans and SUVs in the US, Canada, and South Korea [Article 125953].

Sources

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