Incident: Emergency-Calling System Failure in Mercedes-Benz Vehicles, 2017-2022 Model Years

Published Date: 2022-05-27

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving Mercedes-Benz's emergency-calling system happened between 2017 and 2022 as per the article [127802]. Therefore, the estimated timeline for the software failure incident would be between 2017 and 2022.
System 1. Emergency-calling system in Mercedes-Benz vehicles with model years between 2017 and 2022, including AMG variants [127802].
Responsible Organization 1. Mercedes-Benz - The software failure incident in this case was caused by a software issue related to the embedded SIM cards in approximately 250,000 vehicles, leading to the emergency-calling system potentially being disabled [127802].
Impacted Organization 1. Vehicle owners of Mercedes-Benz cars, SUVs, and vans with model years between 2017 and 2022, including AMG variants [127802].
Software Causes 1. The software issue stemmed from a problem with the vehicles' embedded SIM cards that prevented them from connecting to a mobile phone network, affecting the emergency call system functionality [127802].
Non-software Causes 1. The failure incident was caused by an issue with the vehicles' embedded SIM cards, which prevented them from connecting to a mobile phone network, affecting the emergency call system functionality [127802].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in Mercedes-Benz vehicles could potentially prevent owners from making automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features, leading to a delay in the arrival of first responders [127802].
Preventions 1. Regular software testing and quality assurance processes during the development phase could have potentially identified the software issue related to the SIM cards before the vehicles were released to the market [127802]. 2. Implementing robust monitoring systems to detect any anomalies or failures in the emergency-calling system could have helped in identifying the issue sooner and taking proactive measures to prevent widespread impact [127802].
Fixes 1. Mercedes-Benz will attempt to patch the SIM software using over-the-air updates, and if that's not possible, owners will need the dealership to apply the software [127802].
References 1. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [127802]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident related to the emergency-calling system disabling due to a software issue with the embedded SIM cards has happened within the same organization, Mercedes-Benz. The recall affecting approximately 250,000 cars, SUVs, and vans is a significant event for the automaker, indicating a potential internal software issue that led to the malfunction [127802]. (b) There is no information in the provided article about a similar software failure incident happening at other organizations or with their products and services.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz recall is related to the design phase. The issue stems from a software problem with the vehicles' embedded SIM cards used for the emergency call system. The software issue prevents the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network, which hinders owners from making automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features, potentially delaying the arrival of first responders. This problem was introduced during the system development or updates, leading to the need for a software patch to address the issue [127802]. (b) The software failure incident is not related to the operation phase or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz recall is within the system. The issue stems from the vehicles' embedded SIM cards that are used to access features such as the emergency call system. A software issue could prevent the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network, which could prevent owners from making automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features [127802].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz recall was due to non-human actions. The issue stemmed from a software problem related to the vehicles' embedded SIM cards, which prevented them from connecting to a mobile phone network for emergency calls. This failure was not directly caused by human actions but rather by a software glitch affecting the functionality of the emergency-calling system [127802].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware, software (a) The software failure incident related to hardware: - The software issue in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles is attributed to the embedded SIM cards used for the emergency-calling system [127802]. (b) The software failure incident related to software: - The software issue in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles is specifically mentioned as a software issue that could prevent the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network, leading to the failure of the emergency call system [127802].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident related to the Mercedes-Benz recall is non-malicious. The issue with the emergency-calling system in approximately 250,000 vehicles is due to a software issue with the embedded SIM cards, which prevents them from connecting to a mobile phone network. This failure could potentially delay the arrival of first responders in case of an emergency, but it is not attributed to any malicious intent. The fix for this issue involves patching the SIM software using over-the-air updates or applying the software at the dealership, as mentioned in the article [127802].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) accidental_decisions The software failure incident related to the Mercedes-Benz recall for approximately 250,000 vehicles was not due to poor decisions but rather an accidental issue. The problem stemmed from a software issue with the vehicles' embedded SIM cards that prevented them from connecting to a mobile phone network, affecting the emergency call system functionality. This issue was not a result of poor decisions but rather an unintended consequence of the software not functioning as intended, leading to the need for a recall and software patching [127802].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is not mentioned in the provided article [127802]. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is highlighted in the article [127802]. The issue with the emergency-calling system in approximately 250,000 Mercedes-Benz vehicles was caused by a software issue that prevented the embedded SIM cards from connecting to a mobile phone network. This accidental software issue could potentially delay the arrival of first responders as it hinders automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features. The article mentions that the driver will not receive a warning if the mechanism fails, indicating an accidental introduction of the software issue.
Duration temporary The software failure incident reported in Article 127802 is temporary. The issue with the embedded SIM cards in Mercedes-Benz vehicles is causing a temporary failure in the emergency-calling system, preventing the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network. This temporary failure could potentially delay the arrival of first responders as owners may not be able to make automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features. The fix for this issue involves patching the SIM software using over-the-air updates or applying the software at the dealership, indicating that the failure is not permanent [127802].
Behaviour omission, value (a) crash: The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles is not described as a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions [127802]. (b) omission: The software issue in the vehicles leads to the omission of the intended function of making automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features. The failure prevents owners from being able to make these emergency calls, potentially delaying the arrival of first responders. Additionally, the driver will not receive a warning if the mechanism fails, indicating an omission of the alert function as well [127802]. (c) timing: The software failure incident is not related to timing issues where the system performs its intended functions too late or too early [127802]. (d) value: The software issue in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles results in the system performing its intended function of connecting to a mobile phone network incorrectly. This incorrect performance prevents owners from making automatic post-collision emergency calls, impacting the value and safety features of the vehicles [127802]. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident does not exhibit behaviors of inconsistency or erratic responses that would classify it as a byzantine failure [127802]. (f) other: The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles can be categorized as a value failure, as it involves the system performing its intended function of connecting to a mobile phone network incorrectly, leading to the inability to make automatic emergency calls [127802].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception sensor, network_communication, embedded_software (a) sensor: The software failure incident in the Mercedes-Benz vehicles was related to the embedded SIM cards used to access features such as the emergency call system. A software issue prevented the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network, which could potentially delay automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features, impacting the sensor functionality related to emergency communication [127802]. (e) embedded_software: The failure was specifically attributed to a software issue that prevented the SIM card from connecting to the network, indicating a problem with the embedded software within the vehicles [127802].
Communication link_level The software failure incident reported in Article 127802 is related to the communication layer of the cyber physical system that failed. The issue stems from a software problem with the vehicles' embedded SIM cards, which are used to access features such as the emergency call system. The software issue prevents the SIM card from connecting to a mobile phone network, thereby hindering the automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features. This failure is more aligned with the link_level, as it involves the failure of the physical layer (SIM card connectivity) affecting communication capabilities within the system.
Application FALSE The software failure incident reported in Article 127802 regarding Mercedes-Benz's recall of approximately 250,000 vehicles due to an issue with the emergency-calling system's embedded SIM cards does not explicitly mention whether the failure was related to the application layer of the cyber physical system. The article focuses on a software issue with the SIM cards preventing them from connecting to a mobile phone network, affecting the emergency call system functionality. Since the article does not provide details on bugs, operating system errors, unhandled exceptions, or incorrect usage specifically related to the application layer, it is unknown if the failure falls under the application layer category.

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence harm, delay, theoretical_consequence The consequence of the software failure incident in the reported article is related to potential harm. The software issue in Mercedes-Benz vehicles could prevent owners from making automatic post-collision emergency calls via the vehicle's built-in features, potentially delaying the arrival of first responders. This delay in emergency communication could lead to harm as it may impact the timely response to accidents or emergencies, potentially affecting the safety of individuals [127802].
Domain transportation, manufacturing (a) The failed system in the article is related to the transportation industry. The software issue affected approximately 250,000 cars, SUVs, and vans manufactured by Mercedes-Benz, impacting the emergency-calling system in these vehicles [127802].

Sources

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