Incident: Tesla Recalls Over 80,000 Cars in China for Software Issues

Published Date: 2022-11-25

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving Tesla vehicles happened between September 25, 2013, and November 21, 2020, for Model S and Model X cars imported to China [136142]. 2. Another software failure incident occurred for Tesla vehicles manufactured between January and November 2019, and between October 14, 2019, and September 26, 2022, for Model 3 cars [136142]. 3. The most recent software failure incident for Tesla vehicles in China, involving more than 435,000 vehicles, was reported on December 1, 2022 [135313].
System 1. Battery management system software in Model S and Model X cars imported to China between Sept. 25, 2013, and Nov. 21, 2020 [136142]. 2. Potentially faulty seat belt installation in imported Model 3 cars manufactured between January and November 2019, and China-made Model 3 cars produced between Oct. 14, 2019, and Sept. 26, 2022 [136142]. 3. Issue with side marker lights in Model 3 and Model Y vehicles in China [135313].
Responsible Organization 1. Tesla Inc - Tesla was responsible for causing the software failure incidents in the reported articles [136142, 135313].
Impacted Organization 1. Customers who owned the Tesla vehicles affected by the software issues, including Model S, Model X, Model 3, and Model Y in China [136142, 135313] 2. Tesla Inc as a company, facing the need to issue recalls and software updates for a large number of vehicles in China [136142, 135313]
Software Causes 1. Software problems affecting the battery management system in Model S and Model X cars imported to China [Article 136142]. 2. Potentially faulty seat belt installation in imported Model 3 cars and China-made Model 3 cars [Article 136142]. 3. Issue with side marker lights in Model 3 and Model Y vehicles in China [Article 135313].
Non-software Causes 1. Potentially faulty seat belt installation in some Tesla Model 3 cars [136142]. 2. Issue with side marker lights in Tesla Model 3 and Model Y vehicles [135313].
Impacts 1. The software failure incident led to the recall of more than 80,000 China-made and imported Tesla cars due to software and seat belt issues, affecting models such as Model S, Model X, and Model 3 [136142]. 2. The recall involved upgrading the software of the affected vehicles to address the battery management system issues and potentially faulty seat belt installations [136142]. 3. The software failure incident resulted in Tesla issuing software updates for over 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could potentially lead to a collision in extreme circumstances [135313].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough software testing procedures during the development phase to catch potential issues before the vehicles are released to the market [136142]. 2. Conducting regular software updates and maintenance checks to ensure the ongoing reliability and safety of the vehicles [135313]. 3. Enhancing quality control measures in the manufacturing process to prevent faulty installations of components like seat belts [136142]. 4. Implementing robust cybersecurity measures to protect against potential software vulnerabilities that could lead to safety risks [unknown].
Fixes 1. Tesla plans to upgrade the software of the recalled vehicles to address the battery management system issues in Model S and Model X cars imported to China [136142]. 2. Tesla will also issue software updates for over 435,000 vehicles in China, including Model 3 and Model Y cars, to fix an issue with side marker lights that could potentially lead to a collision. This fix will be issued through an over-the-air update [135313].
References 1. Chinese market regulator statement [136142] 2. State Administration for Market Regulation statement [135313]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization: - Tesla Inc experienced software failure incidents with its vehicles multiple times. In one instance, Tesla recalled over 80,000 China-made and imported cars due to software problems affecting the battery management system in Model S, Model X, and Model 3 cars [136142]. - Another incident involved Tesla issuing software updates for more than 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could potentially lead to a collision. This incident also counted as a recall and was addressed through an over-the-air update [135313]. (b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization: - There is no specific mention in the provided articles about the software failure incident occurring at other organizations or with their products and services.
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the articles. Tesla recalled over 80,000 China-made and imported cars due to software problems affecting the battery management system in Model S and Model X cars imported to China between 2013 and 2020 [136142]. This indicates a failure introduced during the development phase, specifically in the design of the software controlling the battery management system. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is also present in the articles. Tesla issued software updates for more than 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could potentially lead to a collision [135313]. This highlights a failure introduced during the operation of the vehicles, where the side marker lights were not functioning correctly, potentially impacting vehicle safety during operation.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to Tesla vehicles in China was primarily within the system. The incidents involved software problems affecting the battery management system in Model S and Model X cars, potentially faulty seat belt installation in Model 3 cars, and an issue with side marker lights in Model 3 and Model Y vehicles. Tesla addressed these issues through software updates and physical checks/reinstallations, indicating that the failures originated from within the vehicles' systems [136142, 135313].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incidents reported in the articles are primarily related to non-human actions. In Article 136142, Tesla recalled vehicles due to software problems affecting the battery management system and potentially faulty seat belt installation. In Article 135313, Tesla issued software updates for over 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could lead to a collision. These incidents point to failures introduced by non-human factors such as software bugs or issues in the manufacturing process [136142, 135313].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware, software (a) The software failure incident related to hardware: - Tesla recalled more than 80,000 China-made and imported cars for software and seat belt issues. This included issues with the battery management system in Model S and Model X cars imported to China [136142]. - Tesla also recalled Model 3 cars due to potentially faulty seat belt installation, which is a hardware-related issue [136142]. (b) The software failure incident related to software: - Tesla issued software updates for over 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could lead to a collision. The fix was issued through an over-the-air update, indicating a software-related issue [135313]. - The recall of Model 3 cars in China for potential faults in semiconductor components that might lead to collisions also points to a software-related issue [136142].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incidents mentioned in the articles are non-malicious. The failures were due to software problems affecting the battery management system in Tesla Model S and Model X cars [136142], potentially faulty seat belt installation in Tesla Model 3 cars [136142], and an issue with side marker lights in Tesla Model 3 and Model Y vehicles [135313]. These issues were not introduced with malicious intent but rather as unintended consequences of the manufacturing or software processes.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown (a) The software failure incident related to the Tesla vehicles in China was not due to poor decisions but rather due to software problems affecting the battery management system, potentially faulty seat belt installation, and an issue with side marker lights. These issues were not a result of poor decisions but rather technical faults that needed to be addressed through software updates and recalls [136142, 135313].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incidents reported in the articles are not explicitly attributed to development incompetence. The issues mentioned, such as software problems affecting the battery management system, potentially faulty seat belt installation, and an issue with side marker lights, are more related to technical faults or defects rather than incompetence in development. (b) The software failure incidents mentioned in the articles are more aligned with accidental factors. For example, the recalls for software problems affecting the battery management system, potentially faulty seat belt installation, and an issue with side marker lights are described as issues that could lead to collisions or safety concerns. These issues are likely unintended and accidental rather than deliberate.
Duration temporary The software failure incidents mentioned in the articles are temporary. In Article 136142, Tesla recalled over 80,000 China-made and imported cars due to software problems affecting the battery management system in the vehicles, as well as potentially faulty seat belt installation. The company stated that it will upgrade the software of the recalled vehicles and check and reinstall the seat belts as necessary. Similarly, in Article 135313, Tesla announced software updates for more than 435,000 vehicles in China to fix an issue with side marker lights that could potentially lead to a collision. These fixes will be issued through over-the-air updates, indicating that the software issues are temporary and can be addressed through updates and corrections [136142, 135313].
Behaviour crash, other (a) crash: The software failure incident related to Tesla vehicles involved a crash behavior where the system lost its state and did not perform its intended functions. This was seen in the recall of over 80,000 China-made and imported Tesla cars due to software problems affecting the battery management system in the vehicles [136142]. (b) omission: There is no specific mention of the software failure incident being related to omission in the articles. (c) timing: The articles do not indicate that the software failure incident was related to timing issues. (d) value: The software failure incident did not involve the system performing its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident did not exhibit behaviors of inconsistency or erroneous responses and interactions. (f) other: The software failure incident involved issues with the battery management system software and potentially faulty seat belt installation, which could be categorized as a combination of crash and value behaviors as the system failed to perform its intended functions correctly [136142].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence theoretical_consequence, unknown (a) unknown (b) unknown (c) unknown (d) unknown (e) unknown (f) unknown (g) no_consequence (h) theoretical_consequence: The articles mention potential consequences of the software failures, such as collisions due to faults in semiconductor components [136142], and a risk of collision due to an issue with side marker lights [135313].
Domain transportation (a) The software failure incident reported in the articles is related to the transportation industry. Tesla Inc recalled a significant number of vehicles in China due to software issues affecting the battery management system, potentially faulty seat belt installation, and an issue with side marker lights that could lead to a collision [136142, 135313]. These recalls impact various models of Tesla cars, including Model S, Model X, Model 3, and Model Y, which are all part of the transportation industry.

Sources

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