Incident: iPhone 12 Transfer Error Causes NHS Covid-19 App Confusion

Published Date: 2020-10-24

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident with the NHS Covid-19 app confusion related to the iPhone 12 launch happened on the day the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets were released, which was on Friday as mentioned in the article [106458]. 2. Published on 2020-10-24 07:00:00+00:00. 3. The software failure incident with the NHS Covid-19 app confusion related to the iPhone 12 launch occurred on October 23, 2020.
System 1. iCloud Backup data transfer feature on older iPhones [106458] 2. iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets [106458]
Responsible Organization 1. Apple - The software failure incident was caused by an issue related to the transfer of apps from older iPhones to the new iPhone 12 models via iCloud Backup, which resulted in the NHS Covid-19 app not being able to enable the necessary Bluetooth-based matching functionality [106458].
Impacted Organization 1. Users of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets [106458]
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was related to an error message displayed on iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets when trying to use the NHS Covid-19 app due to an oversight in the iCloud Backup data transfer process, where the permission to enable Exposure Notifications was not prompted during the transfer [106458].
Non-software Causes 1. Oversight in the iCloud Backup data transfer process when transferring apps from older iPhones to iPhone 12 models, leading to the failure to prompt users to enable necessary permissions [106458]. 2. Lack of compatibility testing of the NHS Covid-19 app with the iPhone 12 by the app's developers, causing confusion among users [106458].
Impacts 1. Users of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets experienced confusion and were shown an error message when trying to use the NHS Covid-19 app due to a software issue [106458]. 2. The software failure resulted in the app not being able to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it needs to work, impacting the app's contact-tracing capabilities [106458]. 3. Some users resorted to deleting the app and downloading it again from the App Store to trigger the exposure notification permission request, but this resulted in the loss of all previously stored information by the app on the phone, including check-in data [106458].
Preventions 1. Ensuring thorough compatibility testing of the NHS Covid-19 app with new devices like the iPhone 12, including checking for any potential issues related to data transfer from older devices [106458]. 2. Implementing a more user-friendly and explicit notification or prompt during the app transfer process to remind users to enable necessary permissions for the app to function correctly on the new device [106458]. 3. Providing clear guidance or instructions within the app itself on how to address common issues like enabling exposure notifications, especially after a data transfer process [106458].
Fixes 1. Users should select the Notifications listing, then tap on Exposure Notifications, and then turn on the Allow Notifications option to address the issue caused by transferring apps from an older iPhone via an iCloud Backup data transfer [106458].
References 1. Users of iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets who reported the error message when using the NHS Covid-19 app [106458] 2. Apple's devices and their compatibility with England and Wales' contact-tracing software [106458] 3. Information provided by the NHS Covid-19 app's official Twitter account in response to user queries [106458]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring unknown (a) The software failure incident related to the NHS Covid-19 app confusion on iPhone 12 devices is specific to Apple's devices, particularly the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets. The issue arises when apps are transferred from an older iPhone via an iCloud Backup data transfer, leading to an error message and the app not being able to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it needs to work [106458]. (b) The incident does not mention any similar occurrences at other organizations or with their products and services.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident in the article can be attributed to a design issue. The error message displayed on the NHS Covid-19 app for some iPhone 12 users was a result of an oversight in the transfer process from older iPhones via iCloud Backup data transfer. When apps were transferred over, the phone did not prompt users to enable the necessary permission for Exposure Notifications, leading to the app's inability to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it required to work properly. This design flaw caused confusion and inconvenience for users [106458]. (b) The software failure incident in the article is not directly linked to operation or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to the NHS Covid-19 app on iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets was primarily due to an oversight within the system. When apps were transferred from older iPhones via iCloud Backup data transfer, the permission to enable Exposure Notifications was not prompted, leading to the app's inability to enable the necessary Bluetooth-based matching functionality. This issue originated from within the system design, where the transfer process did not include requesting the required permission, causing confusion and errors for users [106458]. (b) outside_system: The software failure incident did not seem to have contributing factors originating from outside the system as the primary cause of the issue was related to the oversight within the system during the app transfer process on the new iPhone 12 devices [106458].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the article was primarily due to non-human actions. The issue arose when apps were transferred from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer, which did not prompt users to enable the necessary permission for the NHS Covid-19 app to function properly. This oversight led to the error message and the inability of the app to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it required to work [106458].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to hardware. Users of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets experienced an error message when trying to use the NHS Covid-19 app. The issue arose when apps were transferred from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer, which is a hardware-related process [106458].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident reported in Article 106458 is non-malicious. The issue arose when some owners of the iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets encountered an error message when trying to use the NHS Covid-19 app. This error was a result of a specific issue related to transferring apps from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer. The problem was not caused by any malicious intent but rather by an oversight in the transfer process that did not prompt users to enable a necessary permission for the app to function properly. The requirement to enable this permission is designed to protect user privacy, indicating that the failure was not due to any malicious actions [106458].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions (a) The software failure incident related to the iPhone 12 launch causing confusion with the NHS Covid-19 app can be attributed to poor decisions. The issue arose when apps were transferred from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer, which did not prompt users to enable the necessary permission for Exposure Notifications. This oversight led to the app not being able to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it needed to work, ultimately causing confusion among users [106458].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident in the article can be attributed to development incompetence. The issue arose when iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro users transferred apps from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer. In this process, the phone did not prompt users to enable the necessary permission for the NHS Covid-19 app to function properly, leading to an error message and the app's inability to enable the Bluetooth-based matching functionality it requires to work. This oversight in the transfer process indicates a lack of professional competence in ensuring a seamless transition of app permissions [106458]. (b) Additionally, the article mentions that the error message shown to users when trying to use the NHS Covid-19 app suggested that other factors might be at play, indicating that the failure could have been accidental or unintentional. The confusion and lack of clarity in the app's response to the iPhone 12 compatibility issue could be seen as an accidental introduction of contributing factors leading to the software failure incident [106458].
Duration temporary The software failure incident related to the NHS Covid-19 app confusion on iPhone 12 devices was temporary. The issue arose specifically when apps were transferred from older iPhones via an iCloud Backup data transfer, leading to the error message and the failure to enable the necessary permission for the app to function properly. This issue was not a permanent failure affecting all circumstances but rather a temporary one related to the specific circumstance of transferring apps from older iPhones [106458].
Behaviour omission, other (a) crash: The software failure incident described in the article is not related to a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions [106458]. (b) omission: The software failure incident is related to an omission where the system omits to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). Specifically, the issue arises when apps are transferred from an older iPhone via an iCloud Backup data transfer, leading to the omission of enabling the necessary permission for the NHS Covid-19 app to work properly [106458]. (c) timing: The software failure incident is not related to timing, where the system performs its intended functions correctly but too late or too early [106458]. (d) value: The software failure incident is not related to a value failure, where the system performs its intended functions incorrectly [106458]. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident is not related to a byzantine failure, where the system behaves erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions [106458]. (f) other: The software failure incident is related to a specific behavior where the iPhone 12, when transferring apps from an older device, does not prompt users to enable the necessary permission for the NHS Covid-19 app, leading to the app not being able to function properly. This behavior is not explicitly categorized in the options provided [106458].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, delay, non-human, theoretical_consequence (a) unknown (b) unknown (c) unknown (d) Property: The software failure incident resulted in all information previously stored by the app on the phone being wiped, including places the user had checked into [106458]. (e) Delay: Users experienced confusion and inconvenience due to the error message displayed by the app, prompting some to delete and reinstall the app to address the issue [106458]. (f) Non-human: The software failure impacted the functionality of the NHS Covid-19 app on iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro handsets, affecting the app's ability to enable Bluetooth-based matching functionality required for contact tracing [106458]. (g) unknown (h) Theoretical_consequence: The software failure incident raised concerns about potential issues related to transferring apps from older iPhones via iCloud Backup data transfer, highlighting a potential oversight in enabling necessary permissions on the new devices [106458]. (i) unknown
Domain health (a) The failed system was intended to support the health industry. The software failure incident was related to the NHS Covid-19 app, which is a contact-tracing app used in England and Wales for managing the Covid-19 pandemic [106458].

Sources

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