Incident: Failure to Deliver Cubesats into Orbit by Astra Rocket.

Published Date: 2022-06-13

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident with the Astra rocket system, specifically the failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA, happened on the day the article was published, which was June 13, 2022 [128928].
System 1. Upper stage of Astra's rocket system [Article 128928] 2. Tropics-1 mission software component responsible for delivering the payloads into orbit [Article 128928]
Responsible Organization 1. Astra [128928] 2. Federal Aviation Administration [128928]
Impacted Organization 1. NASA [128928] 2. Astra [128928]
Software Causes 1. Unknown
Non-software Causes 1. Early shutdown of the upper stage of the rocket system. 2. Failure to deliver the payloads into orbit. 3. Loss of two Tropics CubeSats. 4. Technical glitches and mission failures inherent in a new launch provider. [Cited from Article 128928]
Impacts 1. The software failure incident resulted in the failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA by Astra [128928]. 2. The loss of the two Tropics CubeSats impacted the Tropics mission, which was designed to study storm systems in the tropics using six small satellites. Despite the setback, NASA stated that the mission could still meet its science objectives with the remaining four satellites yet to be launched [128928].
Preventions 1. Thorough testing and validation of the rocket system's software to ensure proper functioning during the launch [128928]. 2. Implementing robust error handling mechanisms in the software to address potential issues that may arise during the mission [128928]. 3. Conducting a detailed review and analysis of the software code to identify and rectify any potential bugs or faults prior to the launch [128928].
Fixes 1. Conduct a thorough investigation by the Federal Aviation Administration and Astra to identify the root cause of the software failure incident during the Tropics-1 mission [128928]. 2. Implement necessary software updates or fixes based on the findings of the investigation to ensure the successful delivery of payloads into orbit in future missions [128928].
References 1. Astra's official Twitter account [128928] 2. NASA's statement [128928]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident has happened again at one_organization: The article reports that Astra, a commercial space company, experienced a software failure incident with its rocket system during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA. This incident is not the first for Astra, as a previous launch for the Elana 41 mission also failed to deliver NASA satellites into orbit [128928]. This indicates that Astra has faced similar software failure incidents in the past. (b) The software failure incident has happened again at multiple_organization: There is no information in the provided article to suggest that the software failure incident has occurred at multiple organizations.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase can be inferred from the article. Astra's rocket system failed to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA. Astra mentioned that the upper stage shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver the payloads to orbit. This indicates a design flaw or issue in the rocket system's development phase that contributed to the failure [128928]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is not explicitly mentioned in the article. Therefore, it is unknown if the failure was due to contributing factors introduced by the operation or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to the Astra rocket system's failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission was likely within the system. Astra mentioned that the upper stage shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver the payloads to orbit [128928]. This indicates an internal issue within the rocket system itself that caused the failure. Additionally, the article mentions that Astra and the Federal Aviation Administration will investigate what went wrong with the mission, further suggesting an internal system-related failure [128928]. (b) outside_system: There is no specific mention in the article indicating that the software failure incident was due to contributing factors originating from outside the system. The focus of the investigation and the statements from NASA and Astra suggest that the failure analysis is centered on internal factors within the rocket system itself [128928].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to non-human actions. Astra's rocket system experienced a failure where the upper stage shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver the payloads into orbit. This indicates a technical glitch or fault in the software or system that was not directly caused by human actions [128928].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) unknown (a) The software failure incident related to the Astra rocket system failing to deliver two cubesats into orbit was not explicitly attributed to hardware or software in the provided article [128928]. The article mainly focused on the failure of the upper stage of the rocket to deliver the payloads to orbit, without specifying whether the failure originated from hardware or software issues. Therefore, it is unknown whether the incident was due to hardware or software factors based on the information provided in the article.
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The articles do not mention any indication of malicious intent behind the software failure incident related to the Astra rocket system's failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA [128928]. (b) The software failure incident related to the Astra rocket system's failure to deliver the cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission appears to be non-malicious. The failure was attributed to technical issues, specifically the upper stage shutting down early, leading to the payloads not reaching orbit as intended. Both Astra and NASA acknowledged the disappointment and mentioned plans for investigations to understand what went wrong with the mission [128928].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to poor decisions or accidental decisions. Therefore, the intent of the software failure incident in this case is unknown.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the article as Astra, the commercial space company, experienced issues with its rocket system during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA. The upper stage of the rocket shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit [128928]. This failure could be attributed to development incompetence, possibly in the design or testing phase of the rocket system. (b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is also apparent in the article. Astra's failed launch of the Tropics-1 mission for NASA, where the upper stage shut down prematurely, resulting in the failure to deliver the payloads to orbit, seems to have occurred accidentally rather than intentionally [128928]. This accidental failure could have been caused by unforeseen technical issues or errors during the launch process.
Duration temporary The software failure incident related to the Astra rocket system's failure to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission can be categorized as a temporary failure. This is evident from the article mentioning that the upper stage of the rocket shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver the payloads to orbit [128928]. Additionally, the article highlights that the Federal Aviation Administration and Astra will investigate what went wrong with the mission, indicating that the failure was due to specific circumstances that need to be identified and addressed, rather than a permanent and inherent issue with the software system.
Behaviour crash, omission, other (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article can be categorized as a crash. The upper stage of Astra's rocket system shut down early, leading to the failure to deliver the payloads into orbit [128928]. (b) omission: The software failure incident can also be categorized as an omission. Astra failed to deliver two cubesats into orbit as intended during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA [128928]. (c) timing: The software failure incident does not align with the timing category as there is no indication in the article that the system performed its intended functions too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident does not align with the value category as there is no indication in the article that the system performed its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident does not align with the byzantine category as there is no indication in the article that the system behaved erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The software failure incident can be categorized as a failure due to a technical glitch in the rocket system, leading to the loss of the satellites [128928].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence delay, non-human The consequence of the software failure incident in the reported articles is a delay. The software failure incident led to the failure of the Astra rocket system to deliver two cubesats into orbit during the Tropics-1 mission for NASA. This resulted in a delay in achieving the mission objectives as the payloads were not successfully placed in orbit [128928].
Domain knowledge (a) The failed system was intended to support the industry of knowledge, specifically space exploration. The system in question was part of the Tropics-1 mission for NASA, which aimed to study storm systems in the tropics using small satellites [128928].

Sources

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