Incident: Intel's Sandy Bridge Chipset Flaw: Early 2011, Cougar Point, Design Oversight, Financial Impact, Intel, Consumers

Published Date: 2011-01-31

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident with the flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset happened in January 2011 as reported in Article 3924 and Article 3741.
System 1. Sandy Bridge's Cougar Point chipset [3924, 3924] 2. SATA ports 2 through 5 [3924]
Responsible Organization 1. Intel [3924, 3741]
Impacted Organization 1. Consumers who purchased high-end laptops or desktop gaming rigs with the affected Intel quad-core processor [3924]. 2. Computer manufacturers who received the faulty chips from Intel for new PC models with the Sandy Bridge processor [3741]. 3. Intel as a company, facing financial impacts such as reduced revenue and estimated costs for repair and replacement of affected materials and systems [3924, 3741]. 4. Intel's credibility and perception of quality in the market [3741]. 5. Investors, with Intel's shares being impacted and AMD's shares rising due to Intel's setback [3741].
Software Causes 1. The failure incident was caused by a flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset, specifically in the Cougar Point chipset, affecting how it communicates with SATA devices [3924]. 2. The issue was related to a circuit design oversight in the chipset, leading to a failure to access SATA ports 2 through 5 [3924]. 3. The flaw was discovered after customers reported issues with accessing ports 2 through 5, which could potentially lead to failures over time [3924]. 4. The defect in the chipset could have caused computers to be unable to communicate with their hard disk drives or DVD drives, affecting the functionality of the systems [3741].
Non-software Causes 1. Circuit design oversight in the Sandy Bridge chipset, specifically in the Cougar Point chipset [3924, 3741] 2. Defect in one of Intel's chips used in personal computers with the Sandy Bridge line of processors [3741]
Impacts 1. The software failure incident with the Sandy Bridge chipset flaw caused Intel to cut its first-quarter revenue forecast by $300 million and incur an estimated total cost of $700 million for repair and replacement [3741]. 2. Intel's gross margin was expected to be reduced by 4 percentage points for the fourth quarter due to the flaw affecting some chips shipped during that period [3741]. 3. The flaw led to a delay in the ramp-up of Sandy Bridge processors, causing a few weeks delay in the product launch [3924]. 4. Intel expected the issue to reduce revenue by approximately $300 million for the first quarter of 2011 [3924]. 5. Despite the financial impact on Intel, the impact on consumers was relatively small, with only systems measured in the thousands being affected [3924]. 6. The flaw affected Intel's credibility during a major product launch and at a time when demand for microprocessors in PCs was being threatened [3741]. 7. Intel's shares were down 0.6 percent on the Nasdaq shortly before the close, while Advanced Micro Devices' shares jumped 4.4 percent as investors bet on Intel's setback giving its smaller rival an edge [3741]. 8. The flaw could have caused about 5 percent of PCs using the new chipsets to fail over a three-year period if left undiscovered [3741]. 9. The flaw could have stopped computers from being able to communicate with their hard disk drives or DVD drives, impacting the functionality of affected systems [3741]. 10. Intel's engineers discovered the flaw after manufacturers stress-tested the chips with high voltage and temperatures, highlighting the importance of rigorous testing in identifying such issues [3741].
Preventions 1. Thorough testing and quality assurance processes during the development phase could have potentially prevented the software failure incident by detecting the flaw in the Cougar Point chipset before it was shipped to manufacturers and customers [3924, 3741]. 2. Implementing robust monitoring and stress-testing procedures during the manufacturing phase could have helped identify the issue earlier, preventing the flawed chips from being distributed to computer manufacturers [3741]. 3. Improved communication and transparency within the company regarding known issues or defects could have led to an earlier discovery and resolution of the flaw in the chipset, potentially avoiding the need for a recall and replacement of affected chips [3741].
Fixes 1. Intel corrected the design issue in the Sandy Bridge chipset, characterized as a "circuit design oversight," and began manufacturing a new version of the chipset to resolve the issue [3924]. 2. The issue was discovered after Intel shipped more than 100,000 faulty chips, and the company has already started production of a new version of the chip to replace the defective ones [3741].
References 1. Intel company statements and press releases [3924, 3741] 2. Analysts and experts such as Nathan Brookwood of Insight 64, Patrick Wang, Stephen Smith, Dean McCarron, Kevin Cassidy, Ralph Shive [3924, 3741] 3. Market data and financial impact assessments [3924, 3741] 4. Information from Intel's conference calls and updates [3741]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident having happened again at one_organization: In the case of Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset flaw, it is mentioned that Intel was criticized in the 1990s after it corrected but did not disclose a flaw in one of its Pentium processors [Article 3741]. This indicates a past incident within the same organization where a software flaw was not disclosed promptly. (b) The software failure incident having happened again at multiple_organization: There is no specific mention in the provided articles about a similar incident happening at other organizations or with their products and services.
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the flaw discovered in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset. The article mentions that the issue was a result of a "circuit design oversight" in the Cougar Point chipset, which is the companion chip to the Sandy Bridge processor [3924]. This design flaw led to a communication problem between the chipset and SATA devices, impacting ports 2 through 5 [3924]. Intel had to correct the design issue and manufacture a new version of the chipset to resolve the problem [3924]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is highlighted by the fact that the defect in Intel's chip could have caused communication issues between computers and their hard disk drives or DVD drives, potentially leading to system failures [3741]. The flaw was discovered after manufacturers stress-tested the chips with high voltage and temperatures, indicating that operational conditions could trigger the failure [3741]. Intel mentioned that the problem could have caused a low and continuing failure rate over the life of the systems if left undiscovered [3741].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to the flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset was due to a boundary within the system. The flaw was specifically in the Cougar Point chipset, which is a companion chip to the Sandy Bridge processor. The issue was related to how the Cougar Point chipset communicated with SATA devices, affecting ports 2 through 5. Intel discovered the issue during testing of consumer-oriented products, indicating that the problem originated within the system itself [3924]. (b) outside_system: The software failure incident was not due to contributing factors originating from outside the system. The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was a result of a design issue within the chipset itself, specifically related to how it communicated with SATA devices. The issue was discovered internally by Intel after customers reported problems, and the company took action to address the flaw by manufacturing a new version of the chipset [3924].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident occurring due to non-human actions: - The software failure incident in this case was due to a flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset, specifically the Cougar Point chipset, which was a circuit design oversight [3924]. - The issue was discovered after customers started reporting problems, and Intel's stress tests revealed a failure to access certain SATA ports over time [3924]. - The flaw affected the communication between the Cougar Point chipset and SATA devices, such as hard disk drives and optical drives [3924]. - Intel had to stop shipments of the faulty chips and began manufacturing a new version of the chipset to resolve the issue [3741]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to human actions: - The design flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was a result of a circuit design oversight, indicating a mistake made during the design and manufacturing process [3924]. - Intel faced criticism for not disclosing a flaw in one of its Pentium processors in the past, which could be seen as a human error in handling defects [3741]. - Intel engineers identified the defect after manufacturers stress-tested the chips with high voltage and temperatures, suggesting a potential oversight during the testing phase [3741].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware: - The software failure incident reported in the articles is related to a flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset, specifically the Cougar Point chipset, which is a hardware component [3924, 3741]. - The flaw in the chipset affects how it communicates with SATA devices, indicating a hardware-related issue [3924]. - Intel has corrected the design issue in the chipset, characterized as a "circuit design oversight," and has begun manufacturing a new version of the chipset to resolve the issue [3924]. - The defect in the chip was discovered after more than 100,000 of the faulty chips were shipped to computer manufacturers, indicating a hardware-related issue [3741]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to software: - The software failure incident is not directly attributed to software issues but rather to a hardware flaw in the chipset [3924, 3741]. - The flaw in the chipset affects how it communicates with SATA devices, indicating a hardware-related issue rather than a software-related issue [3924]. - Intel's engineers identified the defect in the chipset after stress-testing the chips with high voltage and temperatures, suggesting a hardware-related issue [3741].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident related to the flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset was non-malicious. The issue was a result of a circuit design oversight in the Cougar Point chipset, which caused a communication problem with SATA devices [3924, 3741]. The flaw was discovered during testing, and Intel took proactive measures to address the issue by manufacturing a new version of the chipset to resolve it [3924]. The incident was not caused by any malicious intent but rather by a design flaw in the hardware component. (b) The software failure incident was not malicious but rather a result of a defect in the chipset that was discovered after the chips were shipped to computer manufacturers [3741]. The defect could have led to communication failures between the central processor and other computer components, affecting the functionality of the system [3741]. Intel took steps to rectify the issue by stopping shipments of the faulty chips and producing a new version of the chipset [3741]. The incident was a non-malicious failure caused by a design flaw in the hardware component.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions, accidental_decisions The software failure incident related to the Intel Sandy Bridge chipset flaw can be attributed to both poor decisions and accidental decisions: (a) poor_decisions: The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was due to a "circuit design oversight" characterized by Intel as a poor decision in the design process [3924]. (b) accidental_decisions: The flaw in the chipset was discovered after Intel shipped more than 100,000 of the chips to computer manufacturers, indicating that the defect was an unintended consequence of the design and manufacturing process [3741].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence (a) The software failure incident occurring due to development incompetence: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was due to a "circuit design oversight" [3924]. - Intel faced a design flaw in one of its chips, impacting its credibility during a major product launch [3741]. (b) The software failure incident occurring accidentally: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was characterized as a "circuit design oversight" [3924]. - Intel discovered the defect in the chip after it had shipped more than 100,000 of them to computer manufacturers, indicating it was not intentional [3741].
Duration temporary The software failure incident related to the Sandy Bridge chipset flaw reported in the news articles can be categorized as a temporary failure. The flaw in the Cougar Point chipset was discovered early in the rollout of the Sandy Bridge processor, affecting SATA ports 2 through 5. Intel took immediate action to address the issue by stopping shipments, correcting the design flaw, and manufacturing a new version of the chipset to resolve the problem [3924, 3741]. The flaw was detected through stress testing, indicating that it was due to specific circumstances rather than a permanent issue inherent in the design. Additionally, the impact on consumers was relatively small, with only a "few weeks delay in the ramp of Sandy Bridge" expected [3924].
Behaviour crash, omission, timing, value, other (a) crash: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset caused a failure to access certain SATA ports over time, indicating a potential crash in the system's functionality [3924]. - Intel's defect in one of its chips used in personal computers with the Sandy Bridge line of processors led to a halt in shipments and production of a new version, suggesting a crash in the affected systems [3741]. (b) omission: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset affected the communication with SATA devices, potentially leading to an omission of performing the intended functions related to data access [3924]. - Intel's defect in the chip could have caused computers to be unable to communicate with their hard disk drives or DVD drives, indicating an omission in performing essential functions [3741]. (c) timing: - The issue with the Sandy Bridge chipset was discovered early in the rollout of the new processor, suggesting that the timing of the failure was caught before it impacted a large number of systems [3924]. - Intel's engineers identified the defect in the chip last week after stress-testing, indicating a timing issue where the problem was detected relatively early in the process [3741]. (d) value: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset affected the communication with SATA devices, potentially leading to incorrect performance in data access functions [3924]. - The defect in Intel's chip could have prevented computers from communicating with essential hardware components, resulting in incorrect performance of the system's functions [3741]. (e) byzantine: - The articles do not provide information suggesting a byzantine behavior in the software failure incident. (f) other: - The flaw in the Sandy Bridge chipset was related to a design issue in the Cougar Point chipset, not the main processor, indicating a specific type of behavior that does not fit into the crash, omission, timing, value, or byzantine categories [3924]. - Intel's defect in the chip led to a halt in shipments and production of a new version, impacting the credibility of the company during a major product launch, which could be considered as another type of behavior in the software failure incident [3741].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, delay, theoretical_consequence (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure The software failure incident related to the flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset resulted in financial consequences for Intel. The company estimated that the issue would reduce revenue by approximately $300 million for the first quarter of 2011. Additionally, the total cost to repair and replace affected materials and systems in the market was estimated to be $700 million. Intel also mentioned that the net impact of the mistake was probably a few weeks delay in the ramp of Sandy Bridge products [3924]. Furthermore, Intel's shares were down 0.6 percent on the Nasdaq following the announcement of the defect in one of its chips, indicating a potential impact on the company's financial standing [3741].
Domain manufacturing (a) The failed system was related to the manufacturing industry as it involved a flaw in Intel's Sandy Bridge chipset, which is a crucial component in the production of quad-core laptops and desktop PCs [3924]. (m) The failed system was not related to any other industry mentioned in the options.

Sources

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