Incident: Cyber Attack on U.S. Government Systems by Anonymous Hackers

Published Date: 2013-11-15

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident happened almost a year ago [Article 23424]. 2. The incident began last December [Article 23424]. 3. The incident began last December [Article 23080]. Therefore, the software failure incident occurred in December of the previous year.
System 1. Adobe Systems Inc's software, specifically Adobe's ColdFusion software, failed due to a security flaw that was exploited by hackers [23424, 23080].
Responsible Organization 1. Activist hackers linked to the collective known as Anonymous were responsible for causing the software failure incident reported in the news articles [23424, 23080].
Impacted Organization 1. U.S. Army 2. Department of Energy 3. Department of Health and Human Services 4. U.S. Sentencing Commission 5. Many more agencies [Cited from Article 23424, Article 23080]
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was the exploitation of a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, specifically Adobe's ColdFusion software, which was used to build websites [23424, 23080].
Non-software Causes 1. Lack of adequate cybersecurity measures: The incident was caused by activist hackers exploiting a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, indicating a lack of robust cybersecurity measures in place [23424, 23080]. 2. Human error: The hackers were able to access U.S. government computers and steal sensitive information, suggesting a potential human error in maintaining security protocols [23424, 23080]. 3. Insufficient system monitoring: The FBI memo highlighted that the breach affected multiple agencies, indicating a lack of sufficient system monitoring to detect and prevent such intrusions [23424, 23080].
Impacts 1. Personal information on at least 104,000 employees, contractors, family members, and others associated with the Department of Energy was stolen, along with information on almost 2,000 bank accounts [23424, 23080]. 2. Loss of banking information could lead to thieving attempts [23424, 23080]. 3. The breach affected multiple U.S. government agencies including the U.S. Army, Department of Energy, and Department of Health and Human Services [23424, 23080]. 4. The stolen data included sensitive information from various government agencies [23424, 23080].
Preventions 1. Regularly updating software with the latest security patches could have prevented the software failure incident [23424, 23080]. 2. Implementing robust cybersecurity measures and monitoring systems for detecting unauthorized access could have helped prevent the breach [23424, 23080]. 3. Conducting regular security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and address potential weaknesses in the software could have mitigated the risk of exploitation by hackers [23424, 23080].
Fixes 1. Updating software with the latest security patches could fix the software failure incident [23424, 23080]. 2. Addressing the security flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, particularly ColdFusion, which was exploited by the hackers, could help prevent similar incidents in the future [23424, 23080].
References 1. FBI memo seen by Reuters [Article 23424, Article 23080] 2. Internal email from Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz’ chief of staff, Kevin Knobloch [Article 23424, Article 23080] 3. Adobe spokeswoman Heather Edell [Article 23424, Article 23080]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization, multiple_organization (a) The software failure incident related to the breach and hacking of U.S. government computers by Anonymous hackers has happened again at Adobe Systems Inc. The hackers exploited a flaw in Adobe's software to launch the electronic break-ins [Article 23424, Article 23080]. (b) The software failure incident related to the breach and hacking of U.S. government computers by Anonymous hackers has also happened at multiple organizations, including the U.S. Army, Department of Energy, and Department of Health and Human Services. These agencies were affected by the breach and stolen sensitive information [Article 23424, Article 23080].
Phase (Design/Operation) design, operation (a) The software failure incident in the articles can be attributed to the design phase. The incident was caused by a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, specifically in Adobe's ColdFusion software used to build websites. The hackers exploited this design flaw to launch electronic break-ins into multiple U.S. government agencies, leading to the theft of sensitive information [23424, 23080]. (b) Additionally, the software failure incident can also be linked to the operation phase. The FBI memo mentioned that the hackers left "back doors" in the compromised machines to allow them to return even after the initial breach. This indicates that the operation or misuse of the system, such as leaving vulnerabilities open for exploitation, played a role in the continuation of the cyber campaign [23424, 23080].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system, outside_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident reported in the articles was primarily due to contributing factors that originated from within the system. The hackers exploited a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, particularly Adobe's ColdFusion software, to launch a series of electronic break-ins that affected multiple U.S. government agencies [23424, 23080]. This internal vulnerability within the Adobe software allowed the hackers to gain unauthorized access to government computers and steal sensitive information. (b) outside_system: The software failure incident also had contributing factors that originated from outside the system. The hackers, linked to the collective known as Anonymous, conducted the cyber campaign by exploiting the internal flaw in Adobe's software. Additionally, the incident was part of a larger campaign by Anonymous, indicating external factors such as the actions and motivations of the hacker group [23424, 23080].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident occurring due to non-human actions: The software failure incident in the articles was primarily due to a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, specifically Adobe's ColdFusion software, which was exploited by hackers to launch electronic break-ins into multiple U.S. government agencies [23424, 23080]. This flaw allowed the hackers to access sensitive information and leave back doors in the systems for future access. Additionally, the majority of attacks involving Adobe's software were found to exploit programs that were not updated with the latest security patches, indicating a vulnerability in the software itself [23424]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to human actions: The incident also involved human actions, as hackers, including Lauri Love, took advantage of the security flaw in Adobe's ColdFusion software to initiate the cyber attacks on various government agencies [23424, 23080]. The attacks were part of a campaign by activist hackers linked to the collective known as Anonymous, indicating deliberate actions by individuals to exploit the software vulnerability for unauthorized access and data theft.
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident occurring due to hardware: - The software failure incident reported in the articles is not attributed to hardware issues but rather to a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software that was exploited by hackers [23424, 23080]. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to software: - The software failure incident in the articles is directly linked to a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software, specifically Adobe's ColdFusion software, which was exploited by hackers to launch electronic break-ins into U.S. government computers [23424, 23080].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) malicious (a) The software failure incident described in the articles is malicious in nature. Activist hackers linked to the collective known as Anonymous exploited a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software to launch a campaign of electronic break-ins into U.S. government computers in multiple agencies. The hackers stole sensitive information, including personal data on employees, contractors, and family members, as well as banking information. The attacks were part of a cyber campaign that began almost a year ago and were aimed at accessing and compromising various government systems [23424, 23080].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) poor_decisions, accidental_decisions (a) The intent of the software failure incident: - The software failure incident involving the activist hackers linked to Anonymous accessing U.S. government computers and stealing sensitive information was primarily driven by poor decisions made by the hackers. They exploited a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software to launch electronic break-ins and left back doors to return to the machines, affecting multiple government agencies [23424, 23080]. - The hackers took advantage of a security flaw in Adobe's ColdFusion software, which is used to build websites, indicating a deliberate choice to exploit vulnerabilities in the software [23424, 23080]. - The incident was part of a campaign that began almost a year ago, showing a sustained effort by the hackers to target government systems [23424, 23080]. (b) The intent of the software failure incident: - The software failure incident can also be attributed to accidental decisions or unintended consequences. For example, the FBI report mentioned that the majority of attacks involving Adobe's software exploited programs that were not updated with the latest security patches, indicating a lack of proper maintenance and oversight [23424, 23080]. - The breach affected various government agencies, including the U.S. Army, Department of Energy, and Department of Health and Human Services, suggesting a wide-reaching impact that may have been unintentional in its scale [23424, 23080]. - The incident led to the theft of personal information on thousands of individuals associated with the Department of Energy, highlighting the unintended consequences of the hackers' actions [23424, 23080].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) development_incompetence, accidental (a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the articles as hackers exploited a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software to launch a series of electronic break-ins that began in December. The hackers left "back doors" to return to many machines, indicating a vulnerability that was not adequately addressed by the software developers [23424, 23080]. (b) The software failure incident also involved accidental factors as investigators believe the attacks began when hackers took advantage of a security flaw in Adobe’s ColdFusion software, which is used to build websites. This suggests that the flaw may have been unintentionally introduced during the development or maintenance of the software [23424, 23080].
Duration temporary The software failure incident described in the articles is temporary. The incident involved activist hackers linked to Anonymous exploiting a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software to launch electronic break-ins that began in December and continued until at least last month. The hackers left "back doors" to return to many machines, indicating that the breach was ongoing and not a permanent failure [23424, 23080].
Behaviour value, other (a) crash: The software failure incident described in the articles does not specifically mention a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions. (b) omission: The incident does not directly indicate a failure due to the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). (c) timing: The incident does not suggest a failure due to the system performing its intended functions correctly but too late or too early. (d) value: The software failure incident is related to a failure where the system performed its intended functions incorrectly. This is evident from the exploitation of a flaw in Adobe Systems Inc's software by hackers to launch electronic break-ins and steal sensitive information from U.S. government computers [23424, 23080]. (e) byzantine: The incident does not align with a byzantine failure where the system behaves erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident can be categorized as a security breach resulting from the exploitation of a software flaw to gain unauthorized access and steal sensitive data from government agencies.

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, non-human (a) unknown (b) unknown (c) unknown (d) The software failure incident led to the theft of sensitive information, including personal information on at least 104,000 employees, contractors, family members, and others associated with the Department of Energy, as well as information on almost 2,000 bank accounts [23424, 23080]. (e) unknown (f) The software failure incident impacted non-human entities, specifically U.S. government computers in multiple agencies, which were accessed and sensitive information was stolen [23424, 23080]. (g) unknown (h) unknown (i) unknown
Domain information, government (a) The software failure incident involved the production and distribution of information as the hackers accessed U.S. government computers in multiple agencies and stole sensitive information [23424, 23080]. (l) The failed system was related to the government sector as the breach affected agencies such as the U.S. Army, Department of Energy, Department of Health and Human Services, and more [23424, 23080].

Sources

Back to List