Incident: Ignition Switch Problem in GM Pickup Trucks and SUVs

Published Date: 2015-10-16

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving another ignition switch problem among General Motors Co.'s pickup trucks and SUVs happened before the article was published on 2015-10-16 [Article 52483]. Therefore, the software failure incident likely occurred in September or early October 2015.
System 1. Ignition switch system in some 2014 Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra light-duty pickups, 2015 heavy-duty pickups, and 2015 Chevy Suburban and Tahoe SUVs [52483].
Responsible Organization unknown
Impacted Organization 1. General Motors Co. [52483]
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was an ignition switch problem among General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs that can cause engines to stall, leading to the disabling of power steering, power brakes, and possibly airbags [52483].
Non-software Causes 1. Ignition switch problem causing engines to stall in pickup trucks and SUVs [52483] 2. Manufacturing defect in the windshield wiper motor that may overheat [52483]
Impacts 1. The software failure incident in General Motors Co.'s pickup trucks and SUVs caused engines to stall, leading to the disabling of power steering, power brakes, and possibly airbags, posing a significant safety risk to drivers and passengers [52483].
Preventions 1. Implementing thorough quality assurance testing procedures during the development phase to catch any potential software bugs or faults before the vehicles are released to the market [52483]. 2. Conducting regular software audits and inspections to identify and address any potential issues proactively [unknown]. 3. Enhancing communication channels within the organization to encourage employees to report any anomalies or defects they encounter while using the products [52483].
Fixes 1. Dealers will replace the ignition lock housing to fix the ignition switch problem causing engines to stall in some GM pickup trucks and SUVs [Article 52483].
References 1. Associated Press [Article 52483] 2. General Motors Co. spokesperson [Article 52483]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization (a) The software failure incident related to the ignition switch problem in General Motors Co's pickup trucks and SUVs is an example of a failure happening again within the same organization. This incident involved another ignition switch problem causing engines to stall, similar to the faulty ignition switches that prompted the recall of millions of vehicles in the past [52483].
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the article. General Motors Co. discovered an ignition switch problem among its pickup trucks and SUVs that can cause engines to stall. This issue was found before any injuries occurred, and the problem was identified by an employee who owned one of the trucks and informed higher-ups. GM quickly moved to recall the affected vehicles, indicating a failure introduced during the system development phase [Article 52483]. (b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is not explicitly mentioned in the provided article. Therefore, there is no specific information available regarding a failure introduced by the operation or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident related to the ignition switch problem in General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs was discovered internally by an employee who owned one of the trucks and informed higher-ups. This indicates that the issue originated from within the system itself, leading to the recall of about 3,300 vehicles to correct the problem [52483].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions (a) The software failure incident in this case was not directly related to non-human actions but rather to a mechanical issue with the ignition switch in General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs. The problem caused engines to stall, leading to the shutdown of various systems like power steering, power brakes, and airbags. It was discovered by an employee who owned one of the affected vehicles and promptly reported it to higher-ups, resulting in a recall of about 3,300 vehicles to address the issue [Article 52483]. (b) The failure was not attributed to human actions but rather to a technical fault in the ignition switch mechanism. The discovery of the problem was initiated by an employee who owned one of the affected vehicles, indicating that the issue was not intentionally introduced by human actions but rather a result of a design or manufacturing flaw in the software or hardware component [Article 52483].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) hardware (a) The software failure incident in the article is related to hardware. The issue with the ignition switch in General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs caused engines to stall, leading to the disabling of power steering, power brakes, and possibly airbags. This hardware-related problem was discovered by an employee who owned one of the trucks and informed higher-ups, leading to a recall of about 3,300 vehicles to correct the issue [Article 52483].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) non-malicious (a) The software failure incident related to the ignition switch problem in General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs does not appear to be malicious. It was discovered by an employee who owned one of the trucks and informed higher-ups, leading to a recall of about 3,300 vehicles to correct the issue. There were no reports of crashes or injuries related to the engines shutting off [Article 52483].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to poor decisions or accidental decisions.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident related to the ignition switch problem in General Motors' pickup trucks and SUVs does not seem to be directly attributed to development incompetence. The issue was discovered by an employee who owned one of the trucks and informed higher-ups, leading to a quick recall of the affected vehicles. This indicates that the problem was not a result of incompetence but rather a flaw that was identified and addressed promptly [52483]. (b) The software failure incident appears to be accidental in nature. The ignition switch problem causing engines to stall and disabling various systems like power steering, power brakes, and airbags was not intentional but rather a defect that was discovered before any injuries occurred. The recall was initiated promptly after the issue was identified, suggesting that it was an accidental failure rather than a deliberate act [52483].
Duration unknown The articles do not mention any software failure incident related to the General Motors Co. ignition switch problem or the recall of pickup trucks and SUVs. Therefore, the duration of the software failure incident in this case is unknown.
Behaviour crash (a) crash: The software failure incident in the article is related to a crash where the engines of the affected vehicles were stalling, causing the system to lose its state and not perform its intended functions, including disabling power steering, power brakes, and possibly airbags [52483]. (b) omission: There is no specific mention of the software failure incident being related to omission in the articles. (c) timing: The software failure incident is not attributed to timing issues in the articles. (d) value: The software failure incident is not described as a value-related failure in the articles. (e) byzantine: The software failure incident does not exhibit characteristics of a byzantine failure in the articles. (f) other: The software failure incident in the articles is primarily described as a crash where the engines of the affected vehicles were stalling, leading to a loss of functionality [52483].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence death, property, non-human, theoretical_consequence (a) death: People lost their lives due to the software failure - The article mentions that faulty ignition switches in General Motors vehicles were linked to 124 deaths [Article 52483]. (b) harm: People were physically harmed due to the software failure - There is no mention of people being physically harmed due to the software failure in the provided article. (c) basic: People's access to food or shelter was impacted because of the software failure - There is no mention of people's access to food or shelter being impacted due to the software failure in the provided article. (d) property: People's material goods, money, or data was impacted due to the software failure - The article discusses the recall of vehicles due to ignition switch problems that could cause engines to stall, leading to potential issues with power steering, power brakes, and airbags [Article 52483]. (e) delay: People had to postpone an activity due to the software failure - There is no mention of people having to postpone activities due to the software failure in the provided article. (f) non-human: Non-human entities were impacted due to the software failure - The article focuses on the impact on vehicles and components like ignition switches, power steering, power brakes, and airbags [Article 52483]. (g) no_consequence: There were no real observed consequences of the software failure - The article reports that there were five reports of engines shutting off due to the ignition switch problem, but no crashes or injuries were reported [Article 52483]. (h) theoretical_consequence: There were potential consequences discussed of the software failure that did not occur - The article mentions that the ignition switch problem could cause engines to turn off, disabling power steering, power brakes, and airbags, but no crashes or injuries were reported [Article 52483]. (i) other: Was there consequence(s) of the software failure not described in the (a to h) options? What is the other consequence(s)? - There are no other consequences of the software failure mentioned in the provided article.
Domain transportation, manufacturing (a) The failed system in the reported incident was related to the automotive industry, specifically affecting General Motors Co. The issue involved an ignition switch problem in pickup trucks and SUVs, causing engines to stall and leading to the recall of certain vehicle models [Article 52483].

Sources

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