Incident: Government Use of Zero-Day Exploits Raises Security Concerns

Published Date: 2015-12-10

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident involving the FBI's use of zero-day exploits was reported on December 10, 2015, in Article 57649.
System The software failure incident described in the article did not involve a specific system failure. Instead, it focused on the controversial use of zero-day exploits by the FBI and the potential risks and implications associated with such practices. Therefore, the answer to the question is 'unknown'.
Responsible Organization 1. The FBI [57649]
Impacted Organization 1. The general public was impacted by the software failure incident as they were left vulnerable to hacks due to the FBI's use of zero-day exploits [57649].
Software Causes 1. The software failure incident was caused by the use of zero-day exploits by the FBI to take advantage of known holes in software [57649].
Non-software Causes Unknown
Impacts 1. The use of zero-day exploits by the FBI left people vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals, as the flaws in software went unfixed [57649]. 2. The practice of using zero-day exploits by the FBI raised concerns about the trade-off between identifying threats to public safety and protecting individuals from being hacked by patching software holes [57649]. 3. The use of zero-day exploits by the FBI, along with other government agencies like the NSA, highlighted the potential risks of leaving software vulnerabilities unpatched, which could lead to the implantation of malicious software on computers for various malicious purposes [57649]. 4. Privacy advocates expressed concerns about the oversight on government hackers using zero-day exploits, emphasizing the need for clearer policies and understanding among federal judges regarding the power and implications of such hacking tools [57649].
Preventions 1. Regular software updates and patches to fix known vulnerabilities could have prevented the software failure incident [57649].
Fixes 1. Patching the software holes by informing software manufacturers about the flaws in their products [57649].
References 1. The Washington Post 2. Journalist Kim Zetter's book "Countdown to Zero Day" 3. FBI official Amy Hess 4. Security researchers 5. National Security Agency 6. Department of Justice 7. Electronic Frontier Foundation 8. Andrew Crocker

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring one_organization, multiple_organization (a) The software failure incident related to the FBI using zero-day exploits to hack into systems and exploit software vulnerabilities has been reported in the news article [57649]. The FBI's use of zero-day exploits to take advantage of software flaws has been confirmed, indicating a recurring incident within the organization. (b) The article mentions that the National Security Agency (NSA) also utilizes zero-day exploits, indicating that multiple organizations, including government agencies, are involved in using such hacking techniques. This suggests that the issue of exploiting software vulnerabilities is not limited to a single organization but extends to multiple entities, including state-sponsored hacking groups and organized crime rings.
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The article discusses the use of zero-day exploits by the FBI, which are essentially taking advantage of flaws in common commercial software. These flaws are not fixed by the software manufacturers, leaving people vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649]. (b) The article mentions that the FBI's use of zero-day exploits has raised concerns about oversight on government hackers being too weak. Privacy advocates warn that federal judges may not fully understand the power of zero-day exploits, leading to potential misuse or unintended consequences in the operation of these hacking tools [57649].
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system, outside_system The software failure incident discussed in the articles is related to the use of zero-day exploits by the FBI. This incident can be categorized as follows: (a) within_system: The failure is within the system as the FBI agents are using special hacking code to take advantage of known holes in software, which are flaws within common commercial software often used by the general public. This action leaves people vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649]. (b) outside_system: The failure is also influenced by factors outside the system as the FBI's use of zero-day exploits involves a trade-off between identifying threats to public safety and leaving people vulnerable to being hacked by not patching software holes. Additionally, the use of zero-day exploits by the FBI raises concerns about oversight on government hackers and the need for clearer policies and warrants for using such tools [57649].
Nature (Human/Non-human) human_actions (a) The software failure incident occurring due to non-human actions: The articles do not provide information about a software failure incident occurring due to non-human actions. (b) The software failure incident occurring due to human actions: The articles discuss the FBI's use of zero-day exploits, which are tools that take advantage of flaws in common commercial software. These exploits are used by FBI agents to further their investigations without informing software manufacturers about the vulnerabilities. This practice leaves the public vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The articles do not provide information about a software failure incident occurring due to contributing factors originating in hardware. Hence, it is unknown. (b) The articles discuss the use of zero-day exploits by the FBI, which can be considered a software failure incident due to contributing factors originating in software. Zero-day exploits take advantage of flaws in common commercial software, leaving people vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) malicious (a) The software failure incident discussed in the articles is related to malicious intent. Specifically, the FBI's use of zero-day exploits involves taking advantage of known security holes in software without informing the software manufacturers, leaving the public vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649]. This deliberate exploitation of software vulnerabilities for investigative purposes can be considered a malicious act as it exposes individuals to potential harm and unauthorized access to their systems.
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown The articles do not provide information about a software failure incident related to poor_decisions or accidental_decisions.
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) unknown Unknown
Duration unknown The articles do not provide information about a software failure incident being either permanent or temporary.
Behaviour other (a) crash: The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to a crash where the system loses state and does not perform any of its intended functions. (b) omission: The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to omission where the system omits to perform its intended functions at an instance(s). (c) timing: The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to timing where the system performs its intended functions correctly but too late or too early. (d) value: The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to value where the system performs its intended functions incorrectly. (e) byzantine: The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident related to a byzantine failure where the system behaves erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions. (f) other: The articles discuss the controversial use of zero-day exploits by the FBI, which involves taking advantage of known flaws in software without informing the software manufacturers. This behavior could be considered a form of software failure as it leaves the public vulnerable to hacks not just from law enforcement but also from cybercriminals [57649].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence no_consequence, theoretical_consequence [57649] The articles do not mention any specific software failure incident that resulted in consequences such as death, harm, basic needs impact, property loss, delays, or non-human entities being impacted. The focus of the articles is on the controversial use of zero-day exploits by the FBI and the potential risks and trade-offs associated with such practices. The discussions revolve around the implications of using these exploits for surveillance and investigative purposes, the concerns about public safety and privacy, and the need for oversight and transparency in government hacking activities. The articles highlight the ongoing debate regarding the ethical and legal considerations surrounding the use of hacking tools by law enforcement agencies.
Domain unknown Unknown

Sources

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