| Recurring |
multiple_organization |
(a) The software failure incident related to keyless car entry systems being vulnerable to hacking has not specifically mentioned a similar incident happening again within the same organization or with its products and services. Therefore, there is no information available in the provided article to indicate a repeat incident within a specific organization.
(b) The article does mention that similar vulnerabilities have been demonstrated by researchers from the University of South Carolina, Rutgers University, and the University of Washington, showcasing how different systems in vehicles can be hacked or exploited. This indicates that similar incidents have occurred at multiple organizations or with their products and services [3826]. |
| Phase (Design/Operation) |
design, operation |
(a) The software failure incident related to the design phase is evident in the article. The incident involves a vulnerability in keyless car entry systems that allows criminals to exploit the system's design flaw. Researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland were able to trick vehicles equipped with keyless entry systems by using antennas as repeaters to deceive the system into thinking the key fob is nearby, enabling them to drive away with the vehicles without physical damage or the need for the actual key fob [3826].
(b) The software failure incident related to the operation phase is also present in the article. Criminals can exploit the operation of keyless entry systems by placing antennas near individuals with the key fob to intercept the signal and then relay it to another antenna near the vehicle, allowing them to steal the car. This operation-based vulnerability highlights how the misuse of the system's intended operation can lead to security breaches and theft [3826]. |
| Boundary (Internal/External) |
within_system |
(a) within_system: The software failure incident described in the article is within the system. The vulnerability exploited by the researchers at ETH Zurich involved a flaw within the keyless entry systems of vehicles. The failure originated from within the system's design and implementation, allowing for unauthorized access and theft of vehicles without physical damage [3826]. |
| Nature (Human/Non-human) |
non-human_actions |
(a) The software failure incident in the article is related to non-human actions. The failure occurred due to vulnerabilities in the keyless entry systems of vehicles, which allowed researchers to trick the system using antennas without human participation. The exploit involved using antennas as repeaters to deceive the vehicle system into thinking the key fob was nearby, enabling the theft of vehicles without physical damage or human intervention [3826]. |
| Dimension (Hardware/Software) |
hardware, software |
(a) The software failure incident related to hardware:
The article discusses a software failure incident related to keyless car entry systems where researchers were able to trick the vehicles into thinking the car key fob was within proximity using antennas. This incident highlights a vulnerability in the hardware components of the keyless entry systems that allowed for the theft of vehicles without physical damage to the cars [3826].
(b) The software failure incident related to software:
The software failure incident in this case is more related to the software aspect of the keyless entry systems. The vulnerability exploited by the researchers involved the software communication between the key fob and the vehicle, where the system could be tricked into issuing commands to unlock the doors and enable the ignition. This software flaw allowed for the exploitation of the keyless entry system [3826]. |
| Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) |
malicious |
(a) The software failure incident described in the article is malicious in nature. Researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland were able to hack into vehicles equipped with keyless entry systems by using antennas to trick the system into thinking the car key fob was nearby, allowing them to drive away with the vehicles without any physical damage or evidence of theft [3826]. This hack was a deliberate attempt to exploit vulnerabilities in the system for criminal purposes. |
| Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) |
poor_decisions |
(a) The intent of the software failure incident related to poor_decisions:
The software failure incident described in the article highlights a vulnerability in keyless car entry systems that can be exploited by criminals to steal vehicles. This vulnerability arises from the design decision to use low-level signals emitted by the vehicles and key fobs for communication, which can be intercepted and manipulated by attackers using antennas. The article suggests that manufacturers should reconsider adding convenience features to vehicles and start thinking more like criminals to anticipate and prevent such security flaws in their systems [3826]. |
| Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) |
development_incompetence, unknown |
(a) The software failure incident related to development incompetence is evident in the article as researchers at ETH Zurich in Switzerland were able to exploit vulnerabilities in keyless car entry systems from various manufacturers. They used antennas to trick the vehicles into thinking the key fob was nearby, allowing them to drive away without any physical damage to the cars. This exploit highlights a lack of professional competence in designing secure keyless entry systems, leading to a significant security flaw that could be exploited by criminals [3826].
(b) The software failure incident related to accidental factors is not explicitly mentioned in the article. |
| Duration |
temporary |
The software failure incident described in the article is more aligned with a temporary failure rather than a permanent one. The incident involved a vulnerability in keyless car entry systems that allowed researchers to trick the vehicles into thinking the key fob was nearby, enabling them to drive away with the cars. This vulnerability was due to specific circumstances related to the keyless entry system's design and the ability of antennas to act as repeaters to deceive the system. The article highlights that shielding the key fob from detection could protect against this type of theft, indicating that the failure was not a permanent flaw but rather a temporary issue that could be mitigated with certain actions [3826]. |
| Behaviour |
other |
(a) crash: The article does not mention any instances of a system crash where the software fails due to losing state and not performing any of its intended functions.
(b) omission: The software failure incident described in the article does not involve the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s).
(c) timing: The incident does not relate to a timing failure where the system performs its intended functions correctly but too late or too early.
(d) value: The software failure incident in the article does not involve the system performing its intended functions incorrectly.
(e) byzantine: The behavior of the software failure incident described in the article does not align with a byzantine failure where the system behaves erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions.
(f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in the article involves a security vulnerability where researchers were able to trick keyless car entry systems into thinking the car key fob was within proximity, allowing them to drive away with the vehicles without the need for physical keys. This behavior falls under the category of a security exploit rather than the options provided. |