Incident: Title: Massive Denial-of-Service Attack on Major Commercial Websites

Published Date: 2012-02-07

Postmortem Analysis
Timeline 1. The software failure incident of the denial-of-service attack happened in April 2000 [10137].
System 1. Servers of major commercial websites including CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo failed to cope with the overwhelming volume of traffic generated by the denial-of-service attack orchestrated by Mafiaboy [10137].
Responsible Organization 1. The 16-year-old Canadian miscreant using the handle Mafiaboy was responsible for causing the denial-of-service attack that led to the software failure incident [10137].
Impacted Organization 1. CNN.com 2. Amazon.com 3. eBay 4. Yahoo [Cited Source: <Article 10137>]
Software Causes 1. The software cause of the failure incident was the vulnerability in the servers of major commercial websites, including CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, which made them susceptible to the denial-of-service attack orchestrated by Mafiaboy [10137].
Non-software Causes 1. The denial-of-service attack was caused by a 16-year-old Canadian miscreant named Mafiaboy using a bot network to control millions of computers [10137].
Impacts 1. Several major commercial websites, including CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, were rendered inaccessible to their customers by the denial-of-service attack, impacting their availability and causing disruption to their services [10137].
Preventions 1. Implementing robust DDoS protection measures such as traffic filtering, rate limiting, and behavior analysis to mitigate the impact of denial-of-service attacks [10137]. 2. Regularly updating and patching software vulnerabilities to prevent exploitation by attackers like Mafiaboy who used a bot network to carry out the attack [10137]. 3. Enhancing server capacity and scalability to better handle sudden spikes in traffic during a DoS attack, reducing the likelihood of servers becoming overwhelmed and collapsing [10137].
Fixes 1. Implementing robust DDoS protection measures to detect and mitigate such attacks effectively [10137].
References 1. Wired News [10137]

Software Taxonomy of Faults

Category Option Rationale
Recurring multiple_organization (a) The software failure incident of a denial-of-service attack on major commercial websites, including CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, was attributed to a 16-year-old Canadian miscreant using the handle Mafiaboy. This incident was a significant event at the time, showcasing the vulnerability of these websites to such attacks [10137]. (b) The article mentions that since the incident involving Mafiaboy in 2000, the nature of denial-of-service attackers has changed. It states that attackers have evolved from pimply faced amateurs to organized criminals using DoS attacks as an extortion tactic against commercial sites. This evolution suggests that similar incidents of DoS attacks may have occurred at other organizations as well, indicating a broader trend in the cybersecurity landscape [10137].
Phase (Design/Operation) design (a) The software failure incident described in the article is related to the design phase. The failure was caused by a denial-of-service (DoS) attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian using a bot network to flood major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo with an overwhelming volume of traffic. This attack rendered the websites inaccessible to their customers, leading to server collapses. The incident highlights how the design vulnerabilities in the websites' systems made them susceptible to such attacks [10137]. (b) The software failure incident is not related to the operation phase or misuse of the system.
Boundary (Internal/External) within_system (a) within_system: The software failure incident described in the article is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian using the handle Mafiaboy. The attack involved flooding major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo with an overwhelming volume of traffic, causing their servers to be unable to cope and resulting in the websites becoming inaccessible to customers. This failure originated from within the system, as the attack exploited vulnerabilities in the websites' servers and infrastructure [10137]. (b) outside_system: The nature of DoS attackers has evolved over time, shifting from pimply faced amateurs like Mafiaboy to organized criminals who use DoS attacks as an extortion tactic against commercial sites. This change in the nature of attackers indicates that external factors, such as the motivations and tactics of malicious actors outside the system, can also contribute to software failure incidents [10137].
Nature (Human/Non-human) non-human_actions, human_actions (a) The software failure incident in Article 10137 was caused by non-human actions. Specifically, it was a denial-of-service (DoS) attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian using a bot network to flood major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo with an overwhelming volume of traffic. This non-human action led to the servers being unable to cope, resulting in the collapse of the websites [10137]. (b) The incident did involve human actions as well. The 16-year-old Canadian, known as Mafiaboy, was the individual behind the attack. Despite the attack being executed through non-human means like a bot network, it was ultimately a human decision and action that initiated and carried out the attack [10137].
Dimension (Hardware/Software) software (a) The software failure incident mentioned in the article is not attributed to hardware issues but rather to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian individual using a bot network to flood major commercial websites with an overwhelming volume of traffic, rendering them inaccessible to customers [10137]. This incident is a clear example of a software failure caused by external malicious actions rather than hardware failures. (b) The software failure incident is directly linked to the actions of the individual, Mafiaboy, who used software tools to orchestrate the DoS attack on websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo. The failure of the websites to remain accessible to users was a result of the software-based attack that overwhelmed their servers, causing them to collapse under the excessive traffic load [10137].
Objective (Malicious/Non-malicious) malicious (a) The objective of the software failure incident was malicious. The incident involved a denial-of-service (DoS) attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian using the handle Mafiaboy. The attack targeted major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, rendering them inaccessible to customers. Mafiaboy used a bot network to control millions of computers and flooded the websites with overwhelming traffic, causing their servers to collapse. This attack was not accidental but a deliberate act to disrupt the services of these websites [10137].
Intent (Poor/Accidental Decisions) unknown (a) The intent of the software failure incident in Article 10137 was not due to poor decisions but rather intentional malicious actions. The denial-of-service attack orchestrated by the 16-year-old Canadian using the handle Mafiaboy was a deliberate act aimed at rendering major commercial websites inaccessible to their customers. The attack was carried out using a bot network to flood the websites with an overwhelming volume of traffic, causing their servers to collapse. This incident was not a result of poor decisions but rather a malicious intent to disrupt the services of the targeted websites [10137].
Capability (Incompetence/Accidental) accidental (a) The software failure incident described in the article was not due to development incompetence but rather a deliberate denial-of-service attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian individual known as Mafiaboy [10137]. (b) The software failure incident was accidental in the sense that the attack was not a result of unintentional mistakes or errors in the development process but rather a deliberate and malicious act by the attacker using a bot network to overwhelm the websites with traffic, causing them to collapse [10137].
Duration temporary (a) The software failure incident described in the article was temporary. The denial-of-service attack staged by Mafiaboy lasted a week, flooding major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo with an overwhelming volume of traffic, rendering them inaccessible to customers during that period [10137].
Behaviour crash (a) crash: The software failure incident described in the article is related to a denial-of-service (DoS) attack that caused several major commercial websites, including CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, to become inaccessible to their customers. The attack flooded the websites with an overwhelming volume of traffic, causing their servers to be unable to cope, ultimately leading to the collapse of the sites [10137]. (b) omission: The incident does not specifically mention a failure due to the system omitting to perform its intended functions at an instance(s) [10137]. (c) timing: The incident does not relate to a failure due to the system performing its intended functions correctly but too late or too early [10137]. (d) value: The software failure incident does not involve a failure due to the system performing its intended functions incorrectly [10137]. (e) byzantine: The incident does not describe a failure due to the system behaving erroneously with inconsistent responses and interactions [10137]. (f) other: The behavior of the software failure incident in this case is primarily characterized as a crash, where the system lost its state and was unable to perform any of its intended functions due to the overwhelming volume of traffic generated by the DoS attack [10137].

IoT System Layer

Layer Option Rationale
Perception None None
Communication None None
Application None None

Other Details

Category Option Rationale
Consequence property, delay, non-human, other (a) death: There is no mention of any deaths resulting from the software failure incident in the provided article [10137]. (b) harm: There is no mention of physical harm to individuals resulting from the software failure incident in the provided article [10137]. (c) basic: There is no mention of people's access to food or shelter being impacted due to the software failure incident in the provided article [10137]. (d) property: The consequence of the software failure incident mentioned in the article is the impact on major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo, rendering them inaccessible to customers [10137]. (e) delay: The consequence of the software failure incident mentioned in the article is the disruption caused by the denial-of-service attack, leading to the collapse of the websites and making them inaccessible to customers [10137]. (f) non-human: The consequence of the software failure incident mentioned in the article is the flooding of websites with an overwhelming volume of traffic, causing their servers to be unable to cope and resulting in the collapse of the sites [10137]. (g) no_consequence: The software failure incident resulted in real observed consequences, such as the websites being rendered inaccessible to customers due to the denial-of-service attack [10137]. (h) theoretical_consequence: There is no mention of potential consequences discussed that did not occur in the provided article [10137]. (i) other: The software failure incident led to the transformation of the nature of denial-of-service attackers from amateurs seeking self-aggrandizement to organized criminals using DoS as an extortion tactic against commercial sites [10137].
Domain information (a) The failed system in the reported incident was intended to support the information industry. Major commercial websites like CNN.com, Amazon.com, eBay, and Yahoo were rendered inaccessible to their customers due to a large denial-of-service attack orchestrated by a 16-year-old Canadian individual named Mafiaboy [Article 10137].

Sources

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